Porth's Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health 10th Edition Test Bank
m m m m m m m m m
Chapterm1-mConceptsmof mHealthmand mDisease
1. At manminternationalmnursingmconference,mmanymdiscussionsmand mbreakout msessionsmfocus
ed monmthemWorld mHealthmOrganizationm(WHO)mviewsmonmhealth.mOf mthemfollowingmcom
mentsmmadembymnursesmduringmamdiscussionmsession,mwhichmstatementsmwould mbemconsid
ered mamgood mrepresentationmof mthemWHOmdefinition?mSelect mallmthat mapply.
A) Interestsminmkeepingmthemelderlympopulationmengaged minmsuchmactivitiesmasmbo
okmreviewsmand mword mgamesmduringmsocialmtime
B) Increaseminmthemnumbermof mchairmaerobicsmclassesmprovided minmthemskilled mca
remfacilities
C) Interventionsmgeared mtoward mkeepingmthemelderlympopulationmdiagnosed mwithmdiab
etesmmellitusmundermtight mblood mglucosemcontrolmbymprovidingmin-
homemcookingmclasses
D) Providingmtransportationmformrenalmdialysismpatientsmtomand mfrommtheirmhemodialys
ismsessions
E) Providingmhandwashingmteachingmsessionsmtomamgroupmof myoungmchildre
nmAns:m A,mB,mC,mE
Feedback:
ThemWHOmdefinitionmof mhealthmismdefined masm“amstatemof mcompletemphysical,mmental,man
d msocialmwell-
beingmand mnot mmerelymthemabsencemof mdiseasemand minfirmity.”mEngagingminmbookmreview
smfacilitatesmmentalmand msocialmwell-being;mchair maerobicsmhelpsmfacilitatemphysicalmwell-
being;mand massistingmwithmtight mcontrolmof mdiabetesmhelpsmwithmfacilitatingmphysicalmwell
-
beingmevenmthoughmthempersonmhasmamchronicmdisease.mHandwashingmismvitalminmthempreve
ntionmof mdiseasemand mspread mof mgerms.
2. A mcommunitymhealthmnursemismteachingmamgroupmof mrecent mgraduatesmabout mthemlarge
mvarietymof mfactorsmthat minfluencemanmindividual'smhealthmormlackmthereof.mThemnursemi
smreferringmtomthemHealthymPeoplem2020mreport mfrommthemU.S.mDepartment mof mHealthm
and mHumanmServicesmasmamteachingmexample.mOf mthemfollowingmaspectsmdiscussed,m
whichmwould mbemconsidered mamdeterminant mof mhealthmthat mismoutsidemthemfocusmof mthi
smreport?
A) Themclient mhasmamdiversembackground mbymbeingmof mAsianmand mNativemAmerican
mdescent mand mpracticesmvariousmalternativemtherapiesmtomminimizemeffectsmof mstre
ss.
B) Themclient mhasmamfamilymhistorymof mcardiovascularmdiseasemrelated mtomhyperc
holesterolemiamand mremainsmnoncompliant mwithmthemtreatment mregime.
C) Themclient mhasmamgood mcareermwithmexceptionalmpreventativemhealthmcarembenefits.
D) Themclient mlivesminmanmaffluent,mclean,msuburbanmcommunitymwithmaccessmtomma
nymhealthmcaremfacilities.
Ans:m B
Feedback:
InmHealthymPeoplem2020,mthemfocusmismtompromotemgood mhealthmtomallm(suchmasmusingmalte
rnativemtherapiesmtomminimizemeffectsmof mstress);machievingmhealthmequitymand mpromoting
mhealthmformallm(whichmincludesmhavingmgood mhealthmcarembenefits);mand mpromotingmgood
mhealthm(whichmincludesmlivingminmamcleanmcommunitymwithmgood maccessmtomhealthmcare).m
A mclient'smnoncompliancemwithmtreatmentsmtomcontrolmhighmcholesterolmlevels mwithinmthe
mpresencemof mamfamilymhistorymof mCV mdiseasemdoesmnot mmeet mthem“attainingmlivesmfreemof m
Pagem1
,preventablemdiseasemand mprematuremdeath”mdeterminant.
Pagem2
,3. A mphysicianmismprovidingmcaremformamnumbermof mpatientsmonmammedicalm unit mof mamlarge, mu
niversitymhospital.mThemphysicianmis mdiscussingmwithmam colleaguemthemdifferentiationmbet
weenmdiseasesmthat maremcaused mbymabnormalmmoleculesmand mdiseasesmthat mcausemdisease.m
Whichmof mthemfollowingmpatientsmmost mclearlymdemonstratesmthemconsequencesmof mmolec
ulesmthat mcausemdisease?
A) Am31-year-
old mwomanmwithmsicklemcellmanemiamwhomismreceivingmamtransfusionmof mpacked m
red mblood mcells
B) Am91-year-
old mwomanmwhomhasmexperienced manmischemicmstrokemresultingmfrommfamilialm
hypercholesterolemia
C) Am19-year-
old mmanmwithmexacerbationmof mhismcysticmfibrosismrequiringmoxygenmtherapym
and mchest mphysiotherapy
D) Am30-year-
old mhomelessmmanmwhomhasmPneumocystismcariniimpneumoniam(PCP)mand mismHIV m
positive.
Ans:m D
Feedback:
PCPmismanmexamplemof mthemeffect mof mammoleculemthat mdirectlymcontributesmtomdisease.mSic
klemcellmanemia,mfamilialmhypercholesterolemia,mand mcysticmfibrosism aremallmexamplesmof m
themeffectsmof mabnormalmmolecules.
4. A mmembermof mthemhealthmcaremteammismresearchingmthemetiologymand mpathogenesismof ma
mnumbermof mclientsmwhomaremundermhismcareminmamhospitalmcontext.mWhichmof mthemfollow
ingmaspectsmof mclients'msituationsmbest mcharacterizesmpathogenesismrathermthanmetiology
?
A) Amclient mwhomhasmbeenmexposed mtomthemMycobacterium mtuberculosismbacterium
B) Amclient mwhomhasmincreasingmserummammoniam levelsmduemtomlivermcirrhosis
C) Amclient mwhomwasmadmitted mwithmthemeffectsmof mmethylmalcoholmpoisoning
D) Amclient mwithmmultiplemskeletalminjuriesmsecondarymtomammotormvehiclemaccide
nt mAns:m B
Feedback:
Pathogenesismrefersmtomthemprogressivemand mevolutionarymcoursemof mdisease,msuchmasmthem
increasingmammoniamlevelsmthat maccompany mlivermdisease.mBacteria,mpoisons,mand mtraum
aticminjuriesmaremexamplesmof metiologic mfactors.
Pagem3
, 5. A mnew mmyocardialminfarctionmpatient mrequiringmangioplastymand mstent mplacement mhasmarr
ived mtomhismfirst mcardiacmrehabilitationmappointment.mInmthismfirst msession,mamreview mof mth
empathogenesismof mcoronarymarterymdiseasemismaddressed.mWhichmstatement mbymthempatient
mverifiesmtomthemnursemthat mhemhasmunderstood mthemnurse'smteachingsmabout mcoronarymarter
ymdisease?
A) “AllmI mhavemtomdomismstopmsmoking,mand mthenmI mwon't mhavemanymmoremheart mattacks.”
B) “Mymarterymwasmclogged mbymfat,msomI mwillmneed mtomstopmeatingmfattymfoodsmli
kemFrenchmfriesmeverymday.”
C) “Soundsmlikemthismbeganmbecausemof minflammationminsidemmymarterymthat mmade
mit measymtomformmfattymstreaks,mwhichmlead mtommymclogged martery.”
D) “If mI mdomnot mexercisemregularlymtomget mmymheart mratemup,mblood mpoolsminmthemveins
mcausingmamclot mthat mstopsmblood mflow mtomthemmuscle,mand mI mwillmhavemamheart matta
ck.”
Ans:m C
Feedback:
Themtruemetiology/causemof mcoronarymarterymdiseasem(CAD)mismunknown;mhowever,mthemp
athogenesismof mthemdisordermrelatesmtomthemprogressionmof mtheminflammatorymprocessmfro
mmamfattymstreakmtomthemocclusivemvesselmlesionmseenminmpeoplemwithmcoronarym arterymdis
ease.mRiskmfactorsmformCAD mrevolvemaround mcigarettemsmoking,mdiet mhighminmfat,mand mlac
kmof mexercise.
6. A m77-year-
old mmanmismamhospitalminpatient madmitted mformexacerbationmof mhismchronicmobstructivempu
lmonarymdiseasem(COPD),mand mamrespiratorymtherapist m(RT)mismassessingmthemclient mformth
emfirst mtime.mWhichmof mthemfollowingmaspectsmof mthempatient'smcurrent mstatemof mhealthmwo
uld mbembest mcharacterized masmamsymptommrathermthanmamsign?
A) Thempatient'smoxygenmsaturationmism83%mbympulsemoxymetry.
B) Thempatient mnotesmthat mhemhasmincreased mworkmof mbreathingmwhenmlyingmsupine.
C) ThemRTmhearsmdiminished mbreathmsoundsmtomthempatient'smlowermlungmfiel
dsmbilaterally.
D) Thempatient'smrespiratorymratemism31mbreaths/minut
e.mAns:m B
Feedback:
Symptomsmaremsubjectivemcomplaintsmbymthempersonmexperiencingmthemhealthmproble
m,msuchmasmcomplaintsmof mbreathingmdifficulty.mOxygenmlevels,mlisteningmtombreathmso
unds,mand mrespiratorymratemaremallmobjective,mobservablemsignsmof mdisease.
Pagem4
m m m m m m m m m
Chapterm1-mConceptsmof mHealthmand mDisease
1. At manminternationalmnursingmconference,mmanymdiscussionsmand mbreakout msessionsmfocus
ed monmthemWorld mHealthmOrganizationm(WHO)mviewsmonmhealth.mOf mthemfollowingmcom
mentsmmadembymnursesmduringmamdiscussionmsession,mwhichmstatementsmwould mbemconsid
ered mamgood mrepresentationmof mthemWHOmdefinition?mSelect mallmthat mapply.
A) Interestsminmkeepingmthemelderlympopulationmengaged minmsuchmactivitiesmasmbo
okmreviewsmand mword mgamesmduringmsocialmtime
B) Increaseminmthemnumbermof mchairmaerobicsmclassesmprovided minmthemskilled mca
remfacilities
C) Interventionsmgeared mtoward mkeepingmthemelderlympopulationmdiagnosed mwithmdiab
etesmmellitusmundermtight mblood mglucosemcontrolmbymprovidingmin-
homemcookingmclasses
D) Providingmtransportationmformrenalmdialysismpatientsmtomand mfrommtheirmhemodialys
ismsessions
E) Providingmhandwashingmteachingmsessionsmtomamgroupmof myoungmchildre
nmAns:m A,mB,mC,mE
Feedback:
ThemWHOmdefinitionmof mhealthmismdefined masm“amstatemof mcompletemphysical,mmental,man
d msocialmwell-
beingmand mnot mmerelymthemabsencemof mdiseasemand minfirmity.”mEngagingminmbookmreview
smfacilitatesmmentalmand msocialmwell-being;mchair maerobicsmhelpsmfacilitatemphysicalmwell-
being;mand massistingmwithmtight mcontrolmof mdiabetesmhelpsmwithmfacilitatingmphysicalmwell
-
beingmevenmthoughmthempersonmhasmamchronicmdisease.mHandwashingmismvitalminmthempreve
ntionmof mdiseasemand mspread mof mgerms.
2. A mcommunitymhealthmnursemismteachingmamgroupmof mrecent mgraduatesmabout mthemlarge
mvarietymof mfactorsmthat minfluencemanmindividual'smhealthmormlackmthereof.mThemnursemi
smreferringmtomthemHealthymPeoplem2020mreport mfrommthemU.S.mDepartment mof mHealthm
and mHumanmServicesmasmamteachingmexample.mOf mthemfollowingmaspectsmdiscussed,m
whichmwould mbemconsidered mamdeterminant mof mhealthmthat mismoutsidemthemfocusmof mthi
smreport?
A) Themclient mhasmamdiversembackground mbymbeingmof mAsianmand mNativemAmerican
mdescent mand mpracticesmvariousmalternativemtherapiesmtomminimizemeffectsmof mstre
ss.
B) Themclient mhasmamfamilymhistorymof mcardiovascularmdiseasemrelated mtomhyperc
holesterolemiamand mremainsmnoncompliant mwithmthemtreatment mregime.
C) Themclient mhasmamgood mcareermwithmexceptionalmpreventativemhealthmcarembenefits.
D) Themclient mlivesminmanmaffluent,mclean,msuburbanmcommunitymwithmaccessmtomma
nymhealthmcaremfacilities.
Ans:m B
Feedback:
InmHealthymPeoplem2020,mthemfocusmismtompromotemgood mhealthmtomallm(suchmasmusingmalte
rnativemtherapiesmtomminimizemeffectsmof mstress);machievingmhealthmequitymand mpromoting
mhealthmformallm(whichmincludesmhavingmgood mhealthmcarembenefits);mand mpromotingmgood
mhealthm(whichmincludesmlivingminmamcleanmcommunitymwithmgood maccessmtomhealthmcare).m
A mclient'smnoncompliancemwithmtreatmentsmtomcontrolmhighmcholesterolmlevels mwithinmthe
mpresencemof mamfamilymhistorymof mCV mdiseasemdoesmnot mmeet mthem“attainingmlivesmfreemof m
Pagem1
,preventablemdiseasemand mprematuremdeath”mdeterminant.
Pagem2
,3. A mphysicianmismprovidingmcaremformamnumbermof mpatientsmonmammedicalm unit mof mamlarge, mu
niversitymhospital.mThemphysicianmis mdiscussingmwithmam colleaguemthemdifferentiationmbet
weenmdiseasesmthat maremcaused mbymabnormalmmoleculesmand mdiseasesmthat mcausemdisease.m
Whichmof mthemfollowingmpatientsmmost mclearlymdemonstratesmthemconsequencesmof mmolec
ulesmthat mcausemdisease?
A) Am31-year-
old mwomanmwithmsicklemcellmanemiamwhomismreceivingmamtransfusionmof mpacked m
red mblood mcells
B) Am91-year-
old mwomanmwhomhasmexperienced manmischemicmstrokemresultingmfrommfamilialm
hypercholesterolemia
C) Am19-year-
old mmanmwithmexacerbationmof mhismcysticmfibrosismrequiringmoxygenmtherapym
and mchest mphysiotherapy
D) Am30-year-
old mhomelessmmanmwhomhasmPneumocystismcariniimpneumoniam(PCP)mand mismHIV m
positive.
Ans:m D
Feedback:
PCPmismanmexamplemof mthemeffect mof mammoleculemthat mdirectlymcontributesmtomdisease.mSic
klemcellmanemia,mfamilialmhypercholesterolemia,mand mcysticmfibrosism aremallmexamplesmof m
themeffectsmof mabnormalmmolecules.
4. A mmembermof mthemhealthmcaremteammismresearchingmthemetiologymand mpathogenesismof ma
mnumbermof mclientsmwhomaremundermhismcareminmamhospitalmcontext.mWhichmof mthemfollow
ingmaspectsmof mclients'msituationsmbest mcharacterizesmpathogenesismrathermthanmetiology
?
A) Amclient mwhomhasmbeenmexposed mtomthemMycobacterium mtuberculosismbacterium
B) Amclient mwhomhasmincreasingmserummammoniam levelsmduemtomlivermcirrhosis
C) Amclient mwhomwasmadmitted mwithmthemeffectsmof mmethylmalcoholmpoisoning
D) Amclient mwithmmultiplemskeletalminjuriesmsecondarymtomammotormvehiclemaccide
nt mAns:m B
Feedback:
Pathogenesismrefersmtomthemprogressivemand mevolutionarymcoursemof mdisease,msuchmasmthem
increasingmammoniamlevelsmthat maccompany mlivermdisease.mBacteria,mpoisons,mand mtraum
aticminjuriesmaremexamplesmof metiologic mfactors.
Pagem3
, 5. A mnew mmyocardialminfarctionmpatient mrequiringmangioplastymand mstent mplacement mhasmarr
ived mtomhismfirst mcardiacmrehabilitationmappointment.mInmthismfirst msession,mamreview mof mth
empathogenesismof mcoronarymarterymdiseasemismaddressed.mWhichmstatement mbymthempatient
mverifiesmtomthemnursemthat mhemhasmunderstood mthemnurse'smteachingsmabout mcoronarymarter
ymdisease?
A) “AllmI mhavemtomdomismstopmsmoking,mand mthenmI mwon't mhavemanymmoremheart mattacks.”
B) “Mymarterymwasmclogged mbymfat,msomI mwillmneed mtomstopmeatingmfattymfoodsmli
kemFrenchmfriesmeverymday.”
C) “Soundsmlikemthismbeganmbecausemof minflammationminsidemmymarterymthat mmade
mit measymtomformmfattymstreaks,mwhichmlead mtommymclogged martery.”
D) “If mI mdomnot mexercisemregularlymtomget mmymheart mratemup,mblood mpoolsminmthemveins
mcausingmamclot mthat mstopsmblood mflow mtomthemmuscle,mand mI mwillmhavemamheart matta
ck.”
Ans:m C
Feedback:
Themtruemetiology/causemof mcoronarymarterymdiseasem(CAD)mismunknown;mhowever,mthemp
athogenesismof mthemdisordermrelatesmtomthemprogressionmof mtheminflammatorymprocessmfro
mmamfattymstreakmtomthemocclusivemvesselmlesionmseenminmpeoplemwithmcoronarym arterymdis
ease.mRiskmfactorsmformCAD mrevolvemaround mcigarettemsmoking,mdiet mhighminmfat,mand mlac
kmof mexercise.
6. A m77-year-
old mmanmismamhospitalminpatient madmitted mformexacerbationmof mhismchronicmobstructivempu
lmonarymdiseasem(COPD),mand mamrespiratorymtherapist m(RT)mismassessingmthemclient mformth
emfirst mtime.mWhichmof mthemfollowingmaspectsmof mthempatient'smcurrent mstatemof mhealthmwo
uld mbembest mcharacterized masmamsymptommrathermthanmamsign?
A) Thempatient'smoxygenmsaturationmism83%mbympulsemoxymetry.
B) Thempatient mnotesmthat mhemhasmincreased mworkmof mbreathingmwhenmlyingmsupine.
C) ThemRTmhearsmdiminished mbreathmsoundsmtomthempatient'smlowermlungmfiel
dsmbilaterally.
D) Thempatient'smrespiratorymratemism31mbreaths/minut
e.mAns:m B
Feedback:
Symptomsmaremsubjectivemcomplaintsmbymthempersonmexperiencingmthemhealthmproble
m,msuchmasmcomplaintsmof mbreathingmdifficulty.mOxygenmlevels,mlisteningmtombreathmso
unds,mand mrespiratorymratemaremallmobjective,mobservablemsignsmof mdisease.
Pagem4
