HIEU 322 Quiz 3: Fall of the Republic

Octavian was the son of Julius Caesar and an accomplished warrior. It was his reputation as a commander and fighter that intimidated Marcus Antonius, and led to the parting of ways between the two men. True False Question 2 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is true about Tiberius Gracchus’ family background? He was from a poor, rural family that had unsuccessfully fought for their plebian rights during the Struggle of the Orders. His rural family had a history of opposing the senate as an institution and seeking to destroy the primary role of the senatorial aristocracy in governmental affairs. He came from Carthaginian stock, and was rumored to be Hannibal’s son. He was from a prestigious and noble family. Indeed, he was the grandson of the Roman hero in the Second Punic War, Scipio Africanus, and the first cousin to the hero of the Third Punic War, Scipio Aemilianus. None of the above Consul between 104 and 100 B.C., who made important, if negative, changes in the Roman army. He reorganized the legion, and the army as a whole would now become voluntary (dropping property qualifications), professional, and politicized. Instead of soldiers being loyal to the idea of Rome, they now were loyal to individual commanders. Pompey Sulla Marius Julius Caesar Crassus In 88 B.C., this general (and former aide to Marius) took Rome by force, and established a dictatorship without a time limit. He was an optimate and pro-Senate. Indeed, one of his Question 1 1 / 1 pts Question 5 1 / 1 pts Question 6 1 / 1 pts Question 7 1 / 1 pts “reforms” was to move all power from the tribunes and the Plebian Assembly, and give it to the Centuriate Assembly. Livius Drusus Sulla P. Sulpicius Rufus Julius Caesar Saturnius This label referred to the leading politicians in the Late Republic—such as the Gracchus brothers-- who used and defended the powers of the popular assemblies and the popular office of tribune as a counterweight to senatorial authority and championed such economic measures as land distribution and debt cancellation. Overall, they appealed to the masses, and were considered demagogic by their elitist enemies. Optimates Populares Rabirios Mamertines Equites In 90 B.C., this Roman consul carried a bill that conferred citizenship on all Latins and Italians still loyal to Rome and to those who would at once lay down their arms. Lucius Julius Caesar Sulla Pompey Strabo Marius Tiberius Gracchus’ land reform bill was not a radical proposal based on some abstract ideology. Instead, it was rather conservative. True False Question 9 1 / 1 pts Question 10 1 / 1 pts Question 11 1 / 1 pts Question 12 1 / 1 pts The First Triumvirate was a secret agreement (60 B.C.) that created a dictatorial coalition. While primarily about personal advancement, it was oriented against the optimates and the Senate. True False Not a member of the First Triumvirate: Julius Caesar Crassus Lepidus Pompey This foe to the Sulla Senatorial order launched a rebellion in Spain in the 70s B.C., hoping to restore the anti-Sulla cause and return to Rome a hero. He defeated Pompey twice, but was assassinated in 74 B.C. Metellus Spartacus Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Sertorius Catinia Tiberius Gracchus had a close and beneficial political alliance with Scipio Aemilianus. True False NOT true about Julius Caesar: Question 8 1 / 1 pts Question 13 1 / 1 pts Question 14 1 / 1 pts Question 15 1 / 1 pts Between 59 and 52 B.C. he built an impressive political and military reputation—serving first as consul, and then fighting in the Gallic War. He established himself a gifted author and military historian in his Commentaries on the Gallic War. As consul (59 B.C.), Caesar advanced a law that ordered the publication of the proceedings of the Senate, so as to make the Senate actions more transparent to the public. In January 49 B.C., Caesar– claiming to be acting in the defense of the tribunes-- crossed the Rubicon River, and moved toward Rome with his army (6 legions or 30,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry). He was a staunch opponent of the First Triumvirate. This 48 B.C. clash between Pompey and Caesar was the climactic battle of the Roman civil war. Pompey was decisively defeated, and fled to Egypt, where he was murdered by Ptolemy XIII. Pharsalus Actium Adrianople Bruttium Watling Street In the 90s B.C., optimate leaders dominated, refusing to grant land to Marius’ veterans and citizenship to Italian allies. They even expelled Italian allies from Rome, and enacted legislation that made it more difficult for populares to utilize tribunician legislation. True False The Roman general charged with clearing the Mediterranean of pirates, and who took Jerusalem in 63 B.C., ending Jewish independence. Sertorius Crassus Julius Caesar Lepidus Question 16 1 / 1 pts Question 17 1 / 1 pts Question 18 1 / 1 pts Question 19 1 / 1 pts Pompey Which of the following is true concerning the consulate of Pompey and Crassus? They suppressed the Spartacus revolt. They passed a law to restore to the tribunes all powers taken away by Sulla. They successfully supported a law that broke the senatorial monopoly on jury service. All of the above B & C only What was the Italian or Social War of 90-88 B.C.? A bloody uprising of Italian allies against the Romans. A fight between the Romans and their Italian allies over citizenship (which the dominating opitmates had refused to grant). Essentially a bitter civil war that set a dangerous precedent for civil warfare in Italy and that trained a generation of leaders who were willing to resort to strife in pursuit of personal political goals. All of the above A & B only NOT a true statement about the Second Triumvirate: It was formed by Octavian, Marcus Antonius, and Lepidus in the aftermath of Julius Caesar’s assassination. It was devoted to destroying the assassins of Caesar. It defeated the “Tyrannicides” at Philippi in 42 B.C. It appointed and supported Herod the Great to drive out foreign occupiers in Judea. It fell apart after Lepidus (from North Africa) attempted to frame Marcus Antonius for the death of Octavian’s sister. The general effect of Caesar's reforms following his military victory in Spain in 45 B.C.: