ATT Test 8 Updated 2025
This guide provides a structured breakdown of power supply, regulator, relay,
op-amp, and related circuit concepts for effective study.
I. Power Supplies
Components:
o Input (AC voltage adjustment)
o Rectifier (AC to pulsating DC)
o Filter (Pulsating DC to smooth DC)
o Regulator (Constant output voltage)
o Protection (Fault prevention)
Optional Components:
o Regulator, Protection
Purpose:
o AC to smooth DC conversion.
Rectifiers:
o Half-wave: Least efficient, output frequency equals input.
o Full-wave & Bridge: Require 180° out-of-phase inputs, output
frequency is twice the input.
II. Voltage Regulators
Series Regulators:
o Adjust voltage drop to maintain constant output.
o Output increases with decreased load current or increased DC
input.
o Output decreases with increased load current or decreased DC
input.
Parallel Regulators:
o Adjust current flow to maintain constant output.
This guide provides a structured breakdown of power supply, regulator, relay,
op-amp, and related circuit concepts for effective study.
I. Power Supplies
Components:
o Input (AC voltage adjustment)
o Rectifier (AC to pulsating DC)
o Filter (Pulsating DC to smooth DC)
o Regulator (Constant output voltage)
o Protection (Fault prevention)
Optional Components:
o Regulator, Protection
Purpose:
o AC to smooth DC conversion.
Rectifiers:
o Half-wave: Least efficient, output frequency equals input.
o Full-wave & Bridge: Require 180° out-of-phase inputs, output
frequency is twice the input.
II. Voltage Regulators
Series Regulators:
o Adjust voltage drop to maintain constant output.
o Output increases with decreased load current or increased DC
input.
o Output decreases with increased load current or decreased DC
input.
Parallel Regulators:
o Adjust current flow to maintain constant output.
