Presentation
Submitted to: Mam Fatima
Submitted by: Esha Fatima
Roll no: 2777
Topics: Models of attention & Selective and divided attention
Attention:
Attention, in psychology, the concentration of awareness on some phenomenon to the
exclusion of other stimuli. Attention is also commonly understood as the ability to select
some things while ignoring others. Attention is controllable, selective, and limited. It is the
progression by which external stimuli form internal representations that gain conscious
awareness.
Models of attention:
There are three models that are associated to selective attention. These are the models of
attention by Broadbent, Treisman, and Deutsch and Deutsch. They are also referred to as
bottleneck models of attention because they explain how we cannot attend to all sensory
input at one time in the conscious level.
Broadbent Filter Model:
The early selection model of attention, proposed by Broadbent, posits that stimuli are
filtered, or selected to be attended to, at an early stage during processing. A filter can be
regarded as the selector of relevant information based on basic features, such as color,
pitch, or direction of stimuli. After stimuli are presented, the information is temporarily held in
a preattentive store. Information with similar characteristics pass through the filter and is
attended to so it can be processed for meaning; irrelevant attention is filtered out.
Broadbent made an experiment using a dichotic listening task, in which he sent one
message to the right ear of a person and a different message to the other ear. The research
gave rise to Broadbent's conclusion that people would repeat the messages as they are sent
ear-by-ear, rather than in the order by which they were heard.
Treisman’s Attenuation Model:
Treisman (1964) agrees with Broadbent’s theory of an early bottleneck filter. However, the
difference is that Treisman’s filter attenuates rather than eliminates the unattended material.
Attenuation is like turning down the volume so that if you have four sources of sound in one
room (TV, radio, people talking, baby crying), you can turn down or attenuate 3 to attend to
the fourth. This means people can still process the meaning of the attended message(s).
In her experiments, Treisman demonstrated that participants could still identify the contents
of an unattended message, indicating that they were able to process the meaning of both the
attended and unattended messages. Treisman carried out dichotic listening tasks using the
speech shadowing method. Typically, in this method, participants are asked to
Submitted to: Mam Fatima
Submitted by: Esha Fatima
Roll no: 2777
Topics: Models of attention & Selective and divided attention
Attention:
Attention, in psychology, the concentration of awareness on some phenomenon to the
exclusion of other stimuli. Attention is also commonly understood as the ability to select
some things while ignoring others. Attention is controllable, selective, and limited. It is the
progression by which external stimuli form internal representations that gain conscious
awareness.
Models of attention:
There are three models that are associated to selective attention. These are the models of
attention by Broadbent, Treisman, and Deutsch and Deutsch. They are also referred to as
bottleneck models of attention because they explain how we cannot attend to all sensory
input at one time in the conscious level.
Broadbent Filter Model:
The early selection model of attention, proposed by Broadbent, posits that stimuli are
filtered, or selected to be attended to, at an early stage during processing. A filter can be
regarded as the selector of relevant information based on basic features, such as color,
pitch, or direction of stimuli. After stimuli are presented, the information is temporarily held in
a preattentive store. Information with similar characteristics pass through the filter and is
attended to so it can be processed for meaning; irrelevant attention is filtered out.
Broadbent made an experiment using a dichotic listening task, in which he sent one
message to the right ear of a person and a different message to the other ear. The research
gave rise to Broadbent's conclusion that people would repeat the messages as they are sent
ear-by-ear, rather than in the order by which they were heard.
Treisman’s Attenuation Model:
Treisman (1964) agrees with Broadbent’s theory of an early bottleneck filter. However, the
difference is that Treisman’s filter attenuates rather than eliminates the unattended material.
Attenuation is like turning down the volume so that if you have four sources of sound in one
room (TV, radio, people talking, baby crying), you can turn down or attenuate 3 to attend to
the fourth. This means people can still process the meaning of the attended message(s).
In her experiments, Treisman demonstrated that participants could still identify the contents
of an unattended message, indicating that they were able to process the meaning of both the
attended and unattended messages. Treisman carried out dichotic listening tasks using the
speech shadowing method. Typically, in this method, participants are asked to
