TEST BANK
].
,Essentials].of].Pathophysiology].4th].Edition].by].Porth].Test].Bank].Cha
pter].01].-].Cell].Structure].and].Function
MULTIPLE].CHOICE
(Answers].are].at].the].end].of].each].Chapter)
1. The]. nucleus ,].which].is].essential].for].function].and].survival].of].the].cell.
a. is].the].site].of].protein].synthesis
b. contains].the].genetic].code
c. transforms].cellular].energy
d. initiates].aerobic]. metabolism
2. Although].energy].is].not].made].in].mitochondria,].they].are].known].as].the].power].plants].of].the].cell].b
ecause].they:
a. contain]. RNA].for]. protein]. synthesis.
b. utilize].glycolysis]. for].oxidative]. energy.
c. extract]. energy].from]. organic]. compounds.
d. store]. calcium].bonds]. for]. muscle]. contractions.
3. Although].the].basic].structure].of].the].cell].plasma].membrane].is].formed].by].a].lipid].bilayer,].most]
.of].the].specific].membrane].functions].are].carried].out].by:
a. bound]. and] . transmembrane] . proteins.
b. complex,]. long]. carbohydrate] . chains.
c. surface]. antigens]. and]. hormone]. receptors.
d. a].gating].system].of]. selective]. ion].channels.
4. To].effectively].relay].signals,].cell-to-cell].communication]. utilizes].chemical]. messenger].systems]. that:
a. displace]. surface]. receptor]. proteins.
b. accumulate]. within]. cell]. gap]. junctions.
c. bind]. to]. contractile]. microfilaments.
d. release]. secretions]. into]. extracellular]. fluid
5. Aerobic].metabolism,].also].known]. as].oxidative]. metabolism,]. provides]. energy].by:
, a. removing]. the]. phosphate]. bonds]. from]. ATP.
b. combining]. hydrogen]. and]. oxygen]. to]. form]. water.
c. activating].pyruvate].stored].in]. the]. cytoplasm.
d. breaking].down]. glucose]. to].form].lactic]. acid.
6. Exocytosis,]. the]. reverse]. of]. endocytosis,]. is].important]. in into].the].extracellular].fluid.
a. Engulfing].and].ingesting]. fluid]. and].proteins]. for]. transport
b. Killing,].degrading,]. and]. dissolving]. harmful]. microorganisms
c. Removing].cellular]. debris]. and].releasing]. synthesized]. substances
d. Destruction].of].particles]. by].lysosomal].enzymes]. for]. secretion
7. The].process].responsible]. for]. generating]. and].conducting]. membrane]. potentials]. is:
a. diffusion] . of] . current-carrying] . ions.
b. millivoltage].of].electrical].potential.
c. polarization]. of]. charged]. particles.
d. ion]. channel]. neurotransmission.
8. Epithelial].tissues].are].classified].according].to].the].shape].of].the].cells].and].the].number].of].layers.].Wh
ich].of].the] . following] . is] . a] . correctly] . matched] . description] . and] . type] . of] . epithelial] . tissue?
a. Simple].epithelium:].cells].in].contact]. with].intercellular]. matrix;].some]. do].not].extend].to]. surface
b. Stratified].epithelium:].single]. layer].of].cells;]. all].cells].rest]. on].basement]. membrane
c. Glandular].epithelium:]. arise].from].surface]. epithelia]. and].underlying]. connective]. tissue
d. Pseudostratified].epithelium:]. multiple].layers].of].cells;].deepest].layer]. rests].on]. basement]. membran
e
9. Connective].tissue]. contains].fibroblasts]. that].are]. responsible]. for:
a. providing]. a]. fibrous]. framework]. for]. capillaries.
, b. synthesis]. of]. collagen,]. elastin,]. and]. reticular]. fibers.
c. forming].tendons]. and]. the].fascia]. that].covers]. muscles.
d. filling].spaces].between]. tissues].to].keep].organs]. in].place.
10. Although].all].muscle].tissue].cells].have].some].similarities,].smooth].muscle].(also].known].as].involu
ntary].muscle)].differs].by:
A) having].dense]. bodies].attached].to].actin]. filaments.
B) containing].sarcomeres]. between]. Z]. lines]. and]. M]. bands.
C) having]. rapid]. contractions]. and]. abundant]. cross-striations.
D) contracting].in].response]. to].increased]. intracellular]. calcium.
11. Which].of].the].following].aspects].of].the].function]. of]. the].nucleus]. is].performed]. by].ribosomal]. RNA]. (rR
NA)?
A) Copying].and].carrying].DNA]. instructions]. for].protein]. synthesis
B) Carrying].amino].acids]. to]. the].site].of].protein]. synthesis
C) Providing].the].site]. where].protein]. synthesis]. occurs
D) Regulating].and].controlling]. protein]. synthesis
12. Breakdown].and].removal].of].foreign].substances].and].worn-
out].cell].parts].are].performed].by].which].of].the].following].organelles?
A) Lysosomes
B) Golgi]. apparatus
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic].reticulum].(ER)
13. Impairment].in].the].function]. of].peroxisomes]. would].result].in:
A) inadequate].sites]. for]. protein].synthesis.
B) an].inability].to].transport]. cellular]. products]. across].the]. cell].membrane.
].
,Essentials].of].Pathophysiology].4th].Edition].by].Porth].Test].Bank].Cha
pter].01].-].Cell].Structure].and].Function
MULTIPLE].CHOICE
(Answers].are].at].the].end].of].each].Chapter)
1. The]. nucleus ,].which].is].essential].for].function].and].survival].of].the].cell.
a. is].the].site].of].protein].synthesis
b. contains].the].genetic].code
c. transforms].cellular].energy
d. initiates].aerobic]. metabolism
2. Although].energy].is].not].made].in].mitochondria,].they].are].known].as].the].power].plants].of].the].cell].b
ecause].they:
a. contain]. RNA].for]. protein]. synthesis.
b. utilize].glycolysis]. for].oxidative]. energy.
c. extract]. energy].from]. organic]. compounds.
d. store]. calcium].bonds]. for]. muscle]. contractions.
3. Although].the].basic].structure].of].the].cell].plasma].membrane].is].formed].by].a].lipid].bilayer,].most]
.of].the].specific].membrane].functions].are].carried].out].by:
a. bound]. and] . transmembrane] . proteins.
b. complex,]. long]. carbohydrate] . chains.
c. surface]. antigens]. and]. hormone]. receptors.
d. a].gating].system].of]. selective]. ion].channels.
4. To].effectively].relay].signals,].cell-to-cell].communication]. utilizes].chemical]. messenger].systems]. that:
a. displace]. surface]. receptor]. proteins.
b. accumulate]. within]. cell]. gap]. junctions.
c. bind]. to]. contractile]. microfilaments.
d. release]. secretions]. into]. extracellular]. fluid
5. Aerobic].metabolism,].also].known]. as].oxidative]. metabolism,]. provides]. energy].by:
, a. removing]. the]. phosphate]. bonds]. from]. ATP.
b. combining]. hydrogen]. and]. oxygen]. to]. form]. water.
c. activating].pyruvate].stored].in]. the]. cytoplasm.
d. breaking].down]. glucose]. to].form].lactic]. acid.
6. Exocytosis,]. the]. reverse]. of]. endocytosis,]. is].important]. in into].the].extracellular].fluid.
a. Engulfing].and].ingesting]. fluid]. and].proteins]. for]. transport
b. Killing,].degrading,]. and]. dissolving]. harmful]. microorganisms
c. Removing].cellular]. debris]. and].releasing]. synthesized]. substances
d. Destruction].of].particles]. by].lysosomal].enzymes]. for]. secretion
7. The].process].responsible]. for]. generating]. and].conducting]. membrane]. potentials]. is:
a. diffusion] . of] . current-carrying] . ions.
b. millivoltage].of].electrical].potential.
c. polarization]. of]. charged]. particles.
d. ion]. channel]. neurotransmission.
8. Epithelial].tissues].are].classified].according].to].the].shape].of].the].cells].and].the].number].of].layers.].Wh
ich].of].the] . following] . is] . a] . correctly] . matched] . description] . and] . type] . of] . epithelial] . tissue?
a. Simple].epithelium:].cells].in].contact]. with].intercellular]. matrix;].some]. do].not].extend].to]. surface
b. Stratified].epithelium:].single]. layer].of].cells;]. all].cells].rest]. on].basement]. membrane
c. Glandular].epithelium:]. arise].from].surface]. epithelia]. and].underlying]. connective]. tissue
d. Pseudostratified].epithelium:]. multiple].layers].of].cells;].deepest].layer]. rests].on]. basement]. membran
e
9. Connective].tissue]. contains].fibroblasts]. that].are]. responsible]. for:
a. providing]. a]. fibrous]. framework]. for]. capillaries.
, b. synthesis]. of]. collagen,]. elastin,]. and]. reticular]. fibers.
c. forming].tendons]. and]. the].fascia]. that].covers]. muscles.
d. filling].spaces].between]. tissues].to].keep].organs]. in].place.
10. Although].all].muscle].tissue].cells].have].some].similarities,].smooth].muscle].(also].known].as].involu
ntary].muscle)].differs].by:
A) having].dense]. bodies].attached].to].actin]. filaments.
B) containing].sarcomeres]. between]. Z]. lines]. and]. M]. bands.
C) having]. rapid]. contractions]. and]. abundant]. cross-striations.
D) contracting].in].response]. to].increased]. intracellular]. calcium.
11. Which].of].the].following].aspects].of].the].function]. of]. the].nucleus]. is].performed]. by].ribosomal]. RNA]. (rR
NA)?
A) Copying].and].carrying].DNA]. instructions]. for].protein]. synthesis
B) Carrying].amino].acids]. to]. the].site].of].protein]. synthesis
C) Providing].the].site]. where].protein]. synthesis]. occurs
D) Regulating].and].controlling]. protein]. synthesis
12. Breakdown].and].removal].of].foreign].substances].and].worn-
out].cell].parts].are].performed].by].which].of].the].following].organelles?
A) Lysosomes
B) Golgi]. apparatus
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic].reticulum].(ER)
13. Impairment].in].the].function]. of].peroxisomes]. would].result].in:
A) inadequate].sites]. for]. protein].synthesis.
B) an].inability].to].transport]. cellular]. products]. across].the]. cell].membrane.
