RESPIRATION
Definition: Intake of O2 and release of CO2.
TYPES OF RESPIRATION
1. Internal respiration – between blood and tissues.
2. External respiration – between blood and alveoli.
In order for respiration to happen there must be PROCESS OF DIFFUSION.
RESPIRATORY TRACT
Nasal cavity – nostrils, choanae – directs air to the pharynx.
Pharynx – air passageway
Larynx – epiglottis
Trachea – branches into bronchi
LUNGS
-Min. 300 million alveoli in both lungs
Right lung: 3 lobes ; Left lung: 2 lobes.
a) Two lungs
b) Pleura (lung membrane) – outer and inner layer.
c) Bronchioles – lead to alveoli (interna part)
-Rib cage – protects lungs (ribs, intercostal muscles)
-Diaphragm – separates lungs from the abdominal cavity
PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATION
Breathing movements – inspirium and expirium
Respiratory rate – number of breaths per minute (12-16)
Respiratory volume – amount of air per breath (0,4L - 0,6L)
Pulmonary ventilation – air volume per minute (6L - 10L)
Vital capacity – maximum air volume exhaled (male: 4L – 5L ; female: 3,5L – 4L)
INTERNAL GAS EXCHANGE
Gases are transported:
a) Bound to pigments
(oxyhemoglobin) – the largest part
b) Physically dissolved in blood
around 3%
Oxygen transport depends on:
a) Temperature
b) Partial pressure of O2 in plasma
c) Partial pressure of CO2 :
A. high Oxyhemoglobin is dissociated on O2 and hemoglobin
B. low O2 and hemoglobin combine into oxyhemoglobin
Definition: Intake of O2 and release of CO2.
TYPES OF RESPIRATION
1. Internal respiration – between blood and tissues.
2. External respiration – between blood and alveoli.
In order for respiration to happen there must be PROCESS OF DIFFUSION.
RESPIRATORY TRACT
Nasal cavity – nostrils, choanae – directs air to the pharynx.
Pharynx – air passageway
Larynx – epiglottis
Trachea – branches into bronchi
LUNGS
-Min. 300 million alveoli in both lungs
Right lung: 3 lobes ; Left lung: 2 lobes.
a) Two lungs
b) Pleura (lung membrane) – outer and inner layer.
c) Bronchioles – lead to alveoli (interna part)
-Rib cage – protects lungs (ribs, intercostal muscles)
-Diaphragm – separates lungs from the abdominal cavity
PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATION
Breathing movements – inspirium and expirium
Respiratory rate – number of breaths per minute (12-16)
Respiratory volume – amount of air per breath (0,4L - 0,6L)
Pulmonary ventilation – air volume per minute (6L - 10L)
Vital capacity – maximum air volume exhaled (male: 4L – 5L ; female: 3,5L – 4L)
INTERNAL GAS EXCHANGE
Gases are transported:
a) Bound to pigments
(oxyhemoglobin) – the largest part
b) Physically dissolved in blood
around 3%
Oxygen transport depends on:
a) Temperature
b) Partial pressure of O2 in plasma
c) Partial pressure of CO2 :
A. high Oxyhemoglobin is dissociated on O2 and hemoglobin
B. low O2 and hemoglobin combine into oxyhemoglobin
