3/25/25, 5:41
PM
AQA GCSE PHYSICS - PAPER 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (225)
1) Elastic potential
2)Gravitational potential
3)Thermal
4) Electrostatic
5) Nuclear
Energy Stores
6) Chemical
7) Kinetic
8) Magnetic
9) Light
10) Sound
1) Mechanically - force doing work
How is energy transferred? 2)Electrically - work done by moving charges
3) Heating/Radiation - light, sound
How can work be done? When a current flows or by a force moving an object
E=1/2mv²
Kinetic energy formula
Kinetic energy(J) = 0.5 x mass(kg) x speed²(m/s)
E=mgh
Gravitational potential energy formula
G.P.E(J) = mass(kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x height (m)
What happens when an object falls and Energy lost from the g.p.e store = energy gained in the kinetic energy store
there's no air resistance?
What does air resistance do when acting It causes some energy to be transferred to other energy stores e.g. the thermal
against falling objects? energy stores of the object and the surroundings
E=1/2ke²
Elastic potential energy formula
E.P.E(J) = 0.5 x spring constant(N/m) x extension²(m)
What is SHC? The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C
E=mcθ
SHC formula
Change in thermal energy(J) = mass(kg) x SHC(J/kg/°C) x temperature change(°C)
What is the conservation of energy Energy can be transferred usefully, or stored or dissipated (wasted energy), but can
principle? never be created or destroyed
What is power? The rate of energy transfer, or the rate of doing work
What is 1W equal to? 1J of energy transferred per second
E=Pt
Power Equation 1
Energy transferred(J) = power(W) x time(s)
W=Pt
Power Equation 2
Work done(J) = power(W) x time(s)
The process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles
What is conduction? Energy is transferred to thermal stores of the object - this energy is shared across
the kinetic energy stores
What is thermal conductivity? A measure of how quickly energy is transferred through a material via conduction
Where energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions
What is convection? Energy is transferred to the thermal energy stores of the object and is shared across
the kinetic stores
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7
, 3/25/25, 5:41
PM
What do radiators create? Convection currents
1) Energy is transferred from the radiator to the nearby air particles by conduction
2)The air by the radiator becomes warmer and less dense as the particles
move quicker
Convection currents - process 3)The warm air rises and displaces the cooler air, which is then heated by
the radiator
4)The previously heated air transfers energy to the surroundings - the air
cools, becomes denser and sinks
What does lubrication do? Reduce frictional forces
What does insulation do? Reduce the rate of energy transfer by heating
1) Cavity walls - made up of an inner and outer wall with an air gap in the
middle - the air gap reduces the amount of energy transferred by conduction
through the walls
2)Cavity wall insulators - the air gap is filled with foam also reduces energy
transfer by convection in the wall cavity
Thermal insulation techniques
3) Loft insulation - reduces convection currents being created in lofts
4) Double-glazed windows - air gap between two sheets of glass that prevent
energy transfer by conduction through the windows
5) Draught excluders - reduce energy transfers by convection around doors and
windows
1) Lubrication
How do you improve efficiency? 2)Insulation
3) Making objects more streamlined
Efficiency - energy transfer equation Useful output energy transfer divided by total input energy transfer
Efficiency - power equation Useful power output divided by total power input
Is any device 100% efficienct? No
Where is wasted energy usually Thermal energy stores
transferred?
How do thick walls prevent energy losses They're made from a material with a low thermal conductivity - the thicker the walls,
through heating? the lower the thermal conductivity, the slower the rate of energy transfer
Electric heaters - all the energy in the electrostatic energy stores is transferred to
What objects are usually 100% efficient?
useful thermal energy stores
Non-renewable
Cause acid rain
Cause global warming
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
Reliable currently - they are finite, so they will run out
eventually Coal mining ruins the landscape
Oil spillages cause serious environmental problems
Petrol and diesel from oil - non-renewable
Energy resources used for transport Coal (steam trains) - non-renewable
Bio-fuels - renewable
Natural gas - non-renewable
Coal - non-renewable
Electric heaters - non-renewable
Energy resources used for heating
Geothermal - renewable
Solar water heaters - renewable
Bio-fuels - renewable
2/
7
PM
AQA GCSE PHYSICS - PAPER 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (225)
1) Elastic potential
2)Gravitational potential
3)Thermal
4) Electrostatic
5) Nuclear
Energy Stores
6) Chemical
7) Kinetic
8) Magnetic
9) Light
10) Sound
1) Mechanically - force doing work
How is energy transferred? 2)Electrically - work done by moving charges
3) Heating/Radiation - light, sound
How can work be done? When a current flows or by a force moving an object
E=1/2mv²
Kinetic energy formula
Kinetic energy(J) = 0.5 x mass(kg) x speed²(m/s)
E=mgh
Gravitational potential energy formula
G.P.E(J) = mass(kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x height (m)
What happens when an object falls and Energy lost from the g.p.e store = energy gained in the kinetic energy store
there's no air resistance?
What does air resistance do when acting It causes some energy to be transferred to other energy stores e.g. the thermal
against falling objects? energy stores of the object and the surroundings
E=1/2ke²
Elastic potential energy formula
E.P.E(J) = 0.5 x spring constant(N/m) x extension²(m)
What is SHC? The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C
E=mcθ
SHC formula
Change in thermal energy(J) = mass(kg) x SHC(J/kg/°C) x temperature change(°C)
What is the conservation of energy Energy can be transferred usefully, or stored or dissipated (wasted energy), but can
principle? never be created or destroyed
What is power? The rate of energy transfer, or the rate of doing work
What is 1W equal to? 1J of energy transferred per second
E=Pt
Power Equation 1
Energy transferred(J) = power(W) x time(s)
W=Pt
Power Equation 2
Work done(J) = power(W) x time(s)
The process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles
What is conduction? Energy is transferred to thermal stores of the object - this energy is shared across
the kinetic energy stores
What is thermal conductivity? A measure of how quickly energy is transferred through a material via conduction
Where energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions
What is convection? Energy is transferred to the thermal energy stores of the object and is shared across
the kinetic stores
1/
7
, 3/25/25, 5:41
PM
What do radiators create? Convection currents
1) Energy is transferred from the radiator to the nearby air particles by conduction
2)The air by the radiator becomes warmer and less dense as the particles
move quicker
Convection currents - process 3)The warm air rises and displaces the cooler air, which is then heated by
the radiator
4)The previously heated air transfers energy to the surroundings - the air
cools, becomes denser and sinks
What does lubrication do? Reduce frictional forces
What does insulation do? Reduce the rate of energy transfer by heating
1) Cavity walls - made up of an inner and outer wall with an air gap in the
middle - the air gap reduces the amount of energy transferred by conduction
through the walls
2)Cavity wall insulators - the air gap is filled with foam also reduces energy
transfer by convection in the wall cavity
Thermal insulation techniques
3) Loft insulation - reduces convection currents being created in lofts
4) Double-glazed windows - air gap between two sheets of glass that prevent
energy transfer by conduction through the windows
5) Draught excluders - reduce energy transfers by convection around doors and
windows
1) Lubrication
How do you improve efficiency? 2)Insulation
3) Making objects more streamlined
Efficiency - energy transfer equation Useful output energy transfer divided by total input energy transfer
Efficiency - power equation Useful power output divided by total power input
Is any device 100% efficienct? No
Where is wasted energy usually Thermal energy stores
transferred?
How do thick walls prevent energy losses They're made from a material with a low thermal conductivity - the thicker the walls,
through heating? the lower the thermal conductivity, the slower the rate of energy transfer
Electric heaters - all the energy in the electrostatic energy stores is transferred to
What objects are usually 100% efficient?
useful thermal energy stores
Non-renewable
Cause acid rain
Cause global warming
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
Reliable currently - they are finite, so they will run out
eventually Coal mining ruins the landscape
Oil spillages cause serious environmental problems
Petrol and diesel from oil - non-renewable
Energy resources used for transport Coal (steam trains) - non-renewable
Bio-fuels - renewable
Natural gas - non-renewable
Coal - non-renewable
Electric heaters - non-renewable
Energy resources used for heating
Geothermal - renewable
Solar water heaters - renewable
Bio-fuels - renewable
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7
