3/28/25, 7:39 Health and Social Care - Unit 4 |
AM
HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE - UNIT 4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (234)
name of red blood cells erythrocytes
name of white blood cells leucocytes
the liquid part of blood. It's mostly water but contains a weak solution of
plasma
salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, urea, proteins and fats (55%)
involved in the immune system - help destroy bacteria (<1%). It consists
white blood cells
of Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, and Monocytes
neutrophils B-type cells produce antibodies
Lymphocytes T-type cells destroy viruses and cancer cells
monocytes removes dead cells and bacteria
red blood cells carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide
platelets triggers blood clotting. without it you would bleed to death (<1%)
lipoproteins proteins that carry elements that cant dissolve in water, e.g. fats
pathogen disease causing organisms, like bacteria, parasites and viruses
antigens they form antibodies
lock onto specific chemicals in the walls of the bacteria and parasites,
antibodies immobilising them and making them targets for the monocytes that then
kill them and break them down
a chain reaction that converts the soluble blood protein (fibrinogen)
into an insoluble form (fibrin), that forms a net structure, trapping
coagulation
platelets and erythrocytes to form a clot. this reaction is set off by tiny
cell fragments from the bone marrow, called platelets, are exposed to
air or foreign material
double circulatory system (double the heart pumps blood through two circuits, the pulmonary and systemic
pump)
left side of heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps it around the
systemic circuit
body
right side of heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and
pulmonary circuit
pumps it to the lungs
the heart muscle is myogenic - it can beat automatically without
myogenic
stimulation by nerves
the co-ordinated flow of blood through the heart. it takes place on
cardiac cycle
average 70 times per minute.
systole ventricles contract, pumping blood out
diastole heart relaxes and the atria fill with blood
coordinates rhythm of heart and ensures both atria contract
the SA node (sino-atrial node)
simultaneously by passing an electrical current through the atria
at the bottom of the right atrium. it slows the electrical impulses it
AV node (atrial-ventricular)
receives from the SA node to allow ventricles to fill with blood
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6
, 3/28/25, 7:39 Health and Social Care - Unit 4 |
AM
carry current down the middle of the ventricles to the base of the
Purkyne fibres heart. this allows the bottom of the heart to contract first, resulting in
an upwards, squeezing action, forcing blood out into arteries
shows the electrical signal generated by the SA node as it travels
ECG (electrocardiogram) through the atria, the AV node and the ventricles. electrodes are
attached to the chest and fed to a computer screen. the activity of the
heart is shown in waves or spikes
p wave a small blip - shows the moment when atria are both contracting
QRS wave a bigger spike after a p wave that shows the ventricles contracting (systole)
T wave a smaller wave - shows the ventricles relaxing (diastole)
- carrys oxygenated blood away from the heart
- walls are thick, elastic and muscular as blood is under high pressure
arteries
- blood flows in pulses (arteries expand and recoil)
- small internal diameter
- walls are one cell thick
- they are microscopic
capillaries
- they surround and interweave between cells and tissues
- they supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste
products like carbon dioxide
- carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart
- walls are thin with little muscle as blood is under low pressure
veins - contain valves to prevent backflow
- large internal diameter
- are often between muscles so movements help squeeze blood along
the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a
osmosis
less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one
pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a
osmotic pressure
selectively permeable membrane
watery fluid drained by the lymphatic
system formed from plasma
lymph
contains white blood cells
involved in the removal of wastes and infectious organisms from tissues
fluid between body cells
tissue fluid carries nutrients and oxygen to tissue cells
is formed from filtering of blood from capillaries due to hydrostatic pressure
2/
6
AM
HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE - UNIT 4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (234)
name of red blood cells erythrocytes
name of white blood cells leucocytes
the liquid part of blood. It's mostly water but contains a weak solution of
plasma
salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, urea, proteins and fats (55%)
involved in the immune system - help destroy bacteria (<1%). It consists
white blood cells
of Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, and Monocytes
neutrophils B-type cells produce antibodies
Lymphocytes T-type cells destroy viruses and cancer cells
monocytes removes dead cells and bacteria
red blood cells carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide
platelets triggers blood clotting. without it you would bleed to death (<1%)
lipoproteins proteins that carry elements that cant dissolve in water, e.g. fats
pathogen disease causing organisms, like bacteria, parasites and viruses
antigens they form antibodies
lock onto specific chemicals in the walls of the bacteria and parasites,
antibodies immobilising them and making them targets for the monocytes that then
kill them and break them down
a chain reaction that converts the soluble blood protein (fibrinogen)
into an insoluble form (fibrin), that forms a net structure, trapping
coagulation
platelets and erythrocytes to form a clot. this reaction is set off by tiny
cell fragments from the bone marrow, called platelets, are exposed to
air or foreign material
double circulatory system (double the heart pumps blood through two circuits, the pulmonary and systemic
pump)
left side of heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps it around the
systemic circuit
body
right side of heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and
pulmonary circuit
pumps it to the lungs
the heart muscle is myogenic - it can beat automatically without
myogenic
stimulation by nerves
the co-ordinated flow of blood through the heart. it takes place on
cardiac cycle
average 70 times per minute.
systole ventricles contract, pumping blood out
diastole heart relaxes and the atria fill with blood
coordinates rhythm of heart and ensures both atria contract
the SA node (sino-atrial node)
simultaneously by passing an electrical current through the atria
at the bottom of the right atrium. it slows the electrical impulses it
AV node (atrial-ventricular)
receives from the SA node to allow ventricles to fill with blood
1/
6
, 3/28/25, 7:39 Health and Social Care - Unit 4 |
AM
carry current down the middle of the ventricles to the base of the
Purkyne fibres heart. this allows the bottom of the heart to contract first, resulting in
an upwards, squeezing action, forcing blood out into arteries
shows the electrical signal generated by the SA node as it travels
ECG (electrocardiogram) through the atria, the AV node and the ventricles. electrodes are
attached to the chest and fed to a computer screen. the activity of the
heart is shown in waves or spikes
p wave a small blip - shows the moment when atria are both contracting
QRS wave a bigger spike after a p wave that shows the ventricles contracting (systole)
T wave a smaller wave - shows the ventricles relaxing (diastole)
- carrys oxygenated blood away from the heart
- walls are thick, elastic and muscular as blood is under high pressure
arteries
- blood flows in pulses (arteries expand and recoil)
- small internal diameter
- walls are one cell thick
- they are microscopic
capillaries
- they surround and interweave between cells and tissues
- they supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste
products like carbon dioxide
- carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart
- walls are thin with little muscle as blood is under low pressure
veins - contain valves to prevent backflow
- large internal diameter
- are often between muscles so movements help squeeze blood along
the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a
osmosis
less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one
pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a
osmotic pressure
selectively permeable membrane
watery fluid drained by the lymphatic
system formed from plasma
lymph
contains white blood cells
involved in the removal of wastes and infectious organisms from tissues
fluid between body cells
tissue fluid carries nutrients and oxygen to tissue cells
is formed from filtering of blood from capillaries due to hydrostatic pressure
2/
6
