Category E: Turf and Ornamentals
Minnesota Pesticide Exam (Terms to
Know)
Abiotic - ANS-related to factors or things that are separate and independent from living
things; nonliving (air pollutants, wind, water, temperature)
\Abiotic stresses - ANS-Caused by unfavorable growing conditions (drought, wind, flood)
\Absorption - ANS-The movement of pesticides into plants and, to a lesser degree, soil
microorganisms.
\Adjuvant/Additive - ANS-Substance added to a pesticide to improve its effectiveness,
usability or safety such as penetrants, spreader-stickers, storage stabilizers and wetting
agents.
\Adsorption - ANS-Adhesion of an ultra thin layer of molecules to the surface of particles.
The molecules do not penetrate the surface.
\adventitious roots - ANS-roots produced by certain stems if roots are separated from the
plant or if injury occurs.
\Aesthetic threshold - ANS-pest population density level when pest management methods
must be applied to prevent reaching unacceptable levels of aesthetic damage to a plant or
landscape
\Alleopathy - ANS-chemical inhibition of one plant by another
\Annual - ANS-A plant that completes its life cycle in one year
\Aquatic life - ANS-Fish, invertebrates and others that live in water.
\Backflow - ANS-Reverse flow of a liquid (such as a pesticide) into a water supply. Backflow
can occur during chemigation or when filling tanks.
\Bacteria/Bacterium - ANS-Single celled organisms, some of which cause disease in plants
and animals
\Bactericide - ANS-A chemical used to control bacteria.
\Beneficial insects - ANS-Insects that are essential for pollination of plants or play a role in
plant health care.
\Biennial - ANS-A plant that requires two growing seasons to complete its life cycle
\Biotic - ANS-living things
\Broadcast shower - ANS-The uniform application of a pesticide or other material over an
entire field or area.
\Broadleaf plants - ANS-Plants with broad, rounded, or flattened leaves with netted veins.
Examples: dandelions and roses. Different from the narrow, bladelike leaves with parallel
veins of grasses, sedges, rushes, and onions.
\Calibration - ANS-A practice of verifying and adjusting fert/pesticide application equipment
to accurately apply a predetermined or calculated amount of product per area unit.
\Chlorophyll - ANS-A pigment in chloroplast necessary for photosynthesis.
\Chlorophyll A - ANS-Only pigment that can participate directly in the light reactions.
\Chlorophyll B - ANS-accessory pigment, does not actively participate in photosynthesis.
\Conifers - ANS-Needle-leaved or scale-leaved, mainly evergreen, cone-bearing trees or
shrubs. Includes pines, spruces and firs.
, \Contact herbicides - ANS-Kill or stunts parts of the weed that are treated with the chemical.
Most effective against annual weeds.
\Control list - ANS-Prohibited noxious weeds for which efforts must be made to prevent the
spread, maturation and dispersal of and propagating plants.
\Controlled droplet - ANS-Rotary spray nozzles or controlled droplet applicators. Spray
droplets fall nearly vertically onto the target. Can vary with cup diameter, speed and flow
rates.
\cultural practices - ANS-Methods of controlling a plant and the environment, such as tilling,
fertilizing, mowing, pruning and watering.
\Cuticle - ANS-Waxy layer on the outer protective layer of the leaf
\Deciduous - ANS-Plants that lose their leaves at the end of each growing season.
\Degradates - ANS-Chemical products formed when a pesticide breaks down.
\Diagnose - ANS-Positive identification of a problem and its cause.
\Dicots - ANS-plants with two cotyledons
\Direct pesticide application - ANS-A precise application to a specific area or site, such as a
basal application to woody plants, crack-and-crevice treatment in a building, or specially
positioned nozzles so only weeds are sprayed during a band application to crops.
\Drop Spreader/Gravity Spreader - ANS-Applies uniformly sized dry particles to soil, water
and sometimes foliage. Generally more precise.
\Economic Injury Level - ANS-The pest population density where pest damage causes a
reduction in the value of the crop or plant that is greater than the cost of control.
\Economic threshold - ANS-The pest population density level when pest management
measures must be applied to prevent reaching the economic injury level. You may see the
economic threshold called the "treatment threshold" or "action threshold."
\entomologist - ANS-scientist who studies insects and sometimes arthopods
\Environmental thresholds - ANS-The pest population density level when pest management
measures must be applied to prevent reaching unacceptable damage to the environment
\Eradicate list - ANS-Prohibited noxious weeds for which all above- and below- ground parts
must be destroyed.
\Fertilizer - ANS-A substance containing plant nutrient(s) that are used for its nutrient content
to promote plant growth.
\Fungi/Fungus - ANS-Non-chlorophyll-bearing plants that live as saprophytes or parasites.
Some infect and cause disease in plants, animals or destroy wood and fiber products.
Others are beneficial for decomposition.
\Fungicide - ANS-A chemical used to control fungi.
\Galls - ANS-Abnormal growth of leaf, stem or twig caused by the presence of a gall-making
organism.
\Herbaceous plants - ANS-Plants that do not develop woody tissues.
\Impact - ANS-A change in the chemical, physical (habitat) or biological quality or a change
in condition of a water body caused by external forces.
\Indirect pesticide application - ANS-Unintentional or intentional treatment of pests through
spraiyng or placement of a pesticide on a plant, rather than on the pest. IE:Bees may carry
pollen contaminated with pesticides back to the hive where it can kill or harm the bees in the
hive.
\Insects - ANS-Arthropods characterized by a body composed of three segments and three
pairs of legs
Minnesota Pesticide Exam (Terms to
Know)
Abiotic - ANS-related to factors or things that are separate and independent from living
things; nonliving (air pollutants, wind, water, temperature)
\Abiotic stresses - ANS-Caused by unfavorable growing conditions (drought, wind, flood)
\Absorption - ANS-The movement of pesticides into plants and, to a lesser degree, soil
microorganisms.
\Adjuvant/Additive - ANS-Substance added to a pesticide to improve its effectiveness,
usability or safety such as penetrants, spreader-stickers, storage stabilizers and wetting
agents.
\Adsorption - ANS-Adhesion of an ultra thin layer of molecules to the surface of particles.
The molecules do not penetrate the surface.
\adventitious roots - ANS-roots produced by certain stems if roots are separated from the
plant or if injury occurs.
\Aesthetic threshold - ANS-pest population density level when pest management methods
must be applied to prevent reaching unacceptable levels of aesthetic damage to a plant or
landscape
\Alleopathy - ANS-chemical inhibition of one plant by another
\Annual - ANS-A plant that completes its life cycle in one year
\Aquatic life - ANS-Fish, invertebrates and others that live in water.
\Backflow - ANS-Reverse flow of a liquid (such as a pesticide) into a water supply. Backflow
can occur during chemigation or when filling tanks.
\Bacteria/Bacterium - ANS-Single celled organisms, some of which cause disease in plants
and animals
\Bactericide - ANS-A chemical used to control bacteria.
\Beneficial insects - ANS-Insects that are essential for pollination of plants or play a role in
plant health care.
\Biennial - ANS-A plant that requires two growing seasons to complete its life cycle
\Biotic - ANS-living things
\Broadcast shower - ANS-The uniform application of a pesticide or other material over an
entire field or area.
\Broadleaf plants - ANS-Plants with broad, rounded, or flattened leaves with netted veins.
Examples: dandelions and roses. Different from the narrow, bladelike leaves with parallel
veins of grasses, sedges, rushes, and onions.
\Calibration - ANS-A practice of verifying and adjusting fert/pesticide application equipment
to accurately apply a predetermined or calculated amount of product per area unit.
\Chlorophyll - ANS-A pigment in chloroplast necessary for photosynthesis.
\Chlorophyll A - ANS-Only pigment that can participate directly in the light reactions.
\Chlorophyll B - ANS-accessory pigment, does not actively participate in photosynthesis.
\Conifers - ANS-Needle-leaved or scale-leaved, mainly evergreen, cone-bearing trees or
shrubs. Includes pines, spruces and firs.
, \Contact herbicides - ANS-Kill or stunts parts of the weed that are treated with the chemical.
Most effective against annual weeds.
\Control list - ANS-Prohibited noxious weeds for which efforts must be made to prevent the
spread, maturation and dispersal of and propagating plants.
\Controlled droplet - ANS-Rotary spray nozzles or controlled droplet applicators. Spray
droplets fall nearly vertically onto the target. Can vary with cup diameter, speed and flow
rates.
\cultural practices - ANS-Methods of controlling a plant and the environment, such as tilling,
fertilizing, mowing, pruning and watering.
\Cuticle - ANS-Waxy layer on the outer protective layer of the leaf
\Deciduous - ANS-Plants that lose their leaves at the end of each growing season.
\Degradates - ANS-Chemical products formed when a pesticide breaks down.
\Diagnose - ANS-Positive identification of a problem and its cause.
\Dicots - ANS-plants with two cotyledons
\Direct pesticide application - ANS-A precise application to a specific area or site, such as a
basal application to woody plants, crack-and-crevice treatment in a building, or specially
positioned nozzles so only weeds are sprayed during a band application to crops.
\Drop Spreader/Gravity Spreader - ANS-Applies uniformly sized dry particles to soil, water
and sometimes foliage. Generally more precise.
\Economic Injury Level - ANS-The pest population density where pest damage causes a
reduction in the value of the crop or plant that is greater than the cost of control.
\Economic threshold - ANS-The pest population density level when pest management
measures must be applied to prevent reaching the economic injury level. You may see the
economic threshold called the "treatment threshold" or "action threshold."
\entomologist - ANS-scientist who studies insects and sometimes arthopods
\Environmental thresholds - ANS-The pest population density level when pest management
measures must be applied to prevent reaching unacceptable damage to the environment
\Eradicate list - ANS-Prohibited noxious weeds for which all above- and below- ground parts
must be destroyed.
\Fertilizer - ANS-A substance containing plant nutrient(s) that are used for its nutrient content
to promote plant growth.
\Fungi/Fungus - ANS-Non-chlorophyll-bearing plants that live as saprophytes or parasites.
Some infect and cause disease in plants, animals or destroy wood and fiber products.
Others are beneficial for decomposition.
\Fungicide - ANS-A chemical used to control fungi.
\Galls - ANS-Abnormal growth of leaf, stem or twig caused by the presence of a gall-making
organism.
\Herbaceous plants - ANS-Plants that do not develop woody tissues.
\Impact - ANS-A change in the chemical, physical (habitat) or biological quality or a change
in condition of a water body caused by external forces.
\Indirect pesticide application - ANS-Unintentional or intentional treatment of pests through
spraiyng or placement of a pesticide on a plant, rather than on the pest. IE:Bees may carry
pollen contaminated with pesticides back to the hive where it can kill or harm the bees in the
hive.
\Insects - ANS-Arthropods characterized by a body composed of three segments and three
pairs of legs
