3/29/25, 8:28
AM
FUNDAMENTALS HESI QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (17)
Which standards are important for the Correct
nurse to use in critical thinking? Select all 1 Specific
that apply. One, some, or all responses may 3 Relevant
be correct.
1 Specific RATIONALE: The standards important for critical thinking are specific and relevant
2 Fairness knowledge about a task. Fairness, confidence, and independence are the
3Relevant attitudes required for critical thinking.
4Confidence
5Independence
Correct
A client with a disturbed state of mind is
2 Difficulty making decisions
under observation. Which indicates the
4 Inability to complete purposeful work
client is suffering from dementia? Select all
that apply.
RATIONALE: A client with dementia may not be able to make decisions because
dementia affects thinking ability. The client with dementia may suffer from apraxia, in
1 Signs of depression
which the client is not able to perform purposeful work. In depression, the client will
2 Difficulty making decisions
remain depressed but in dementia, the mood is affected superficially. A client with
3 Continuously mentioning past failures
depression may tell about his or her failures, but in dementia, the client may or may
4 Inability to complete purposeful work
not be able to recollect details of life. In dementia, the sleep/wake cycle of the client
5 Disturbed sleep/wake cycle
is a bit fragmented, but in depression it is completely disturbed.
Correct
Asking the client to walk across the room
During a health history, an older client
RATIONALE: When a client reports more than two falls in 12 months, the nurse would
reports having fallen three times in the past
obtain further information to determine risk factors. Asking the client to walk across
6 months. Which would the nurse ask to
the room can determine any abnormalities in the gait or loss of balance. The level
obtain other risk factors?
of education is part of the demographic information. The use of supplemental
oxygen provides more information about the client's respiratory system. The use of
a call
alert system indicates the client is maintaining safety.
Correct
Which should the nurse include when Soap and water for hand washing
teaching a client with Clostridium difficile
about decreasing the risk of transmission RATIONALE: Alcohol does not kill C. difficile spores. Use of soap and water is more
to family members? efficacious than alcohol-based hand rubs. Increased fluids and increased fiber do
not decrease the risk of transmission of C. difficile.
1/
5
, 3/29/25, 8:28
AM
Correct
3 End-stage renal disease
Which disease increases the risk of
hyperkalemia?
RATIONALE: One of the kidneys' functions is to eliminate potassium from the body;
1 Crohn disease
diseases of the kidneys often interfere with this function, and hyperkalemia may
2 Cushing disease
develop, necessitating dialysis. Clients with Crohn disease have diarrhea, resulting in
Correct 3 End-stage renal
potassium loss. Clients with Cushing disease will retain sodium and excrete
disease 4 Gastroesophageal reflux
potassium. Clients with gastroesophageal reflux disease are prone to vomiting that
disease
may lead to sodium and chloride loss with minimal loss of potassium.
Correct
Which question would the nurse ask a
1 "Are you diabetic?"
client who has developed pneumonia when
assessing risk factors?
Rationale:
1 "Are you diabetic?"
Chronic diseases such as diabetes are a risk factor for developing infections such as
2 "Have you traveled recently?"
pneumonia. Travel history inquiry would apply to infections such as malaria.
3 "What do you use for contraception?"
Contraception would be explored in sexual barrier devices for sexually transmitted
4 "Do you have a history of intravenous [IV]
infections. IV drug abuse would be explored to assess risk of exposure to blood-
drug abuse?"
borne pathogens such as Hepatitis B.
Correct
Which intrinsic factors may contribute to 1 Lack of exercise
falls in older adults? Select all that apply. 2 Impaired vision
1 Lack of exercise
2 Impaired vision Rationale:
3 Inappropriate footwear Falls in older clients may be a result of intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors.
4 Improper use of assistive devices Deconditioning (lack of exercise) and impaired vision are intrinsic factors that can
5 Unfamiliar environment of hospital room lead to falls. Inappropriate footwear, improper use of assistive devices such as
walkers, and a lack of familiarity with the hospital room are extrinsic factors.
Correct
The nurse assists in the care of four 1 Client 1 (Perception: Misperceptions absent)
older clients whose clinical features are
shown in the accompanying chart. Which Rationale:
client may have dementia? Client 1 has normal psychomotor behavior. The attention of the client is also
1 Client 1 indicated to be normal. Moreover, misperceptions are absent. Client 1 may likely
2 Client 2 have dementia. Hypokinetic psychomotor behavior, impaired attention, and difficulty
3 Client 3 in distinguishing between reality and perceptions may signify delirium. Hyperkinetic
4 Client 4 behavior and inattention with hallucinations may also signify delirium. Psychomotor
retardation, easily distractible attention, and illusions may be caused by depression.
2/
5
AM
FUNDAMENTALS HESI QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (17)
Which standards are important for the Correct
nurse to use in critical thinking? Select all 1 Specific
that apply. One, some, or all responses may 3 Relevant
be correct.
1 Specific RATIONALE: The standards important for critical thinking are specific and relevant
2 Fairness knowledge about a task. Fairness, confidence, and independence are the
3Relevant attitudes required for critical thinking.
4Confidence
5Independence
Correct
A client with a disturbed state of mind is
2 Difficulty making decisions
under observation. Which indicates the
4 Inability to complete purposeful work
client is suffering from dementia? Select all
that apply.
RATIONALE: A client with dementia may not be able to make decisions because
dementia affects thinking ability. The client with dementia may suffer from apraxia, in
1 Signs of depression
which the client is not able to perform purposeful work. In depression, the client will
2 Difficulty making decisions
remain depressed but in dementia, the mood is affected superficially. A client with
3 Continuously mentioning past failures
depression may tell about his or her failures, but in dementia, the client may or may
4 Inability to complete purposeful work
not be able to recollect details of life. In dementia, the sleep/wake cycle of the client
5 Disturbed sleep/wake cycle
is a bit fragmented, but in depression it is completely disturbed.
Correct
Asking the client to walk across the room
During a health history, an older client
RATIONALE: When a client reports more than two falls in 12 months, the nurse would
reports having fallen three times in the past
obtain further information to determine risk factors. Asking the client to walk across
6 months. Which would the nurse ask to
the room can determine any abnormalities in the gait or loss of balance. The level
obtain other risk factors?
of education is part of the demographic information. The use of supplemental
oxygen provides more information about the client's respiratory system. The use of
a call
alert system indicates the client is maintaining safety.
Correct
Which should the nurse include when Soap and water for hand washing
teaching a client with Clostridium difficile
about decreasing the risk of transmission RATIONALE: Alcohol does not kill C. difficile spores. Use of soap and water is more
to family members? efficacious than alcohol-based hand rubs. Increased fluids and increased fiber do
not decrease the risk of transmission of C. difficile.
1/
5
, 3/29/25, 8:28
AM
Correct
3 End-stage renal disease
Which disease increases the risk of
hyperkalemia?
RATIONALE: One of the kidneys' functions is to eliminate potassium from the body;
1 Crohn disease
diseases of the kidneys often interfere with this function, and hyperkalemia may
2 Cushing disease
develop, necessitating dialysis. Clients with Crohn disease have diarrhea, resulting in
Correct 3 End-stage renal
potassium loss. Clients with Cushing disease will retain sodium and excrete
disease 4 Gastroesophageal reflux
potassium. Clients with gastroesophageal reflux disease are prone to vomiting that
disease
may lead to sodium and chloride loss with minimal loss of potassium.
Correct
Which question would the nurse ask a
1 "Are you diabetic?"
client who has developed pneumonia when
assessing risk factors?
Rationale:
1 "Are you diabetic?"
Chronic diseases such as diabetes are a risk factor for developing infections such as
2 "Have you traveled recently?"
pneumonia. Travel history inquiry would apply to infections such as malaria.
3 "What do you use for contraception?"
Contraception would be explored in sexual barrier devices for sexually transmitted
4 "Do you have a history of intravenous [IV]
infections. IV drug abuse would be explored to assess risk of exposure to blood-
drug abuse?"
borne pathogens such as Hepatitis B.
Correct
Which intrinsic factors may contribute to 1 Lack of exercise
falls in older adults? Select all that apply. 2 Impaired vision
1 Lack of exercise
2 Impaired vision Rationale:
3 Inappropriate footwear Falls in older clients may be a result of intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors.
4 Improper use of assistive devices Deconditioning (lack of exercise) and impaired vision are intrinsic factors that can
5 Unfamiliar environment of hospital room lead to falls. Inappropriate footwear, improper use of assistive devices such as
walkers, and a lack of familiarity with the hospital room are extrinsic factors.
Correct
The nurse assists in the care of four 1 Client 1 (Perception: Misperceptions absent)
older clients whose clinical features are
shown in the accompanying chart. Which Rationale:
client may have dementia? Client 1 has normal psychomotor behavior. The attention of the client is also
1 Client 1 indicated to be normal. Moreover, misperceptions are absent. Client 1 may likely
2 Client 2 have dementia. Hypokinetic psychomotor behavior, impaired attention, and difficulty
3 Client 3 in distinguishing between reality and perceptions may signify delirium. Hyperkinetic
4 Client 4 behavior and inattention with hallucinations may also signify delirium. Psychomotor
retardation, easily distractible attention, and illusions may be caused by depression.
2/
5
