3/29/25, 8:38 NR566 Midterm Flashcards |
AM
NR566 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
Terms in this set (137)
Histamine2 blocking agents double alendronate bioavailability, but the impact is
unknown. Aspirin may decrease the bioavailability of tiludronate by up to 50%
Bioavailability of bisphosphonate drugs
when taken 2 hours after the tiludronate. Although indomethacin increases the
and appropriate patient education
bioavailability of tiludronate by 2- to 4-fold, the bioavailability is not significantly
altered by diclofenac; therefore, each NSAID must be considered individually.
Etidronate has also been associated with fractures in patients with Paget's disease
when they are given high doses or when therapy lasted longer than 6 months.
These patients must be carefully monitored with x-rays and laboratory work to
Adverse effects associated with long-term
assess for these lesions. The development of a rare form of subtrochanteric femur
use of bisphonates
fracture in non-Paget's patients using bisphosphonates is under close scrutiny and
has contributed to movement away from osteopenia prevention care to only
osteoporosis therapy (FDA, 2010a).
All doses are taken immediately before or with meals or snacks with a fatty
component. Fruit, hard candy, fruit juice like drinks, tea or coffee, or popsicles do
not require enzymes (CFF, 2009). Capsules may be opened and sprinkled on
food.
Capsules with enteric-coated beads should not be chewed. They may be sprinkled
on soft acidic food that is not hot and that can be swallowed without chewing, such
as applesauce or gelatin. Swallow immediately because the proteolytic
Specifics about administration and
enzymes may irritate the mucosa. Following with a glass of water or juice or
education regarding pancreatic enzymes
eating immediately after taking the drug helps to ensure that the medication is
swallowed and does not remain in contact with the mouth and esophagus for
long periods.
Pancrelipase is destroyed by acid. Proton pump inhibitors, sodium bicarbonate, or
aluminum-based antacids may be used with preparations without enteric coating
to neutralize gastric pH. Calcium- and magnesium-based antacids should not be
used for this purpose because they interfere with drug action. Enteric-coated
beads are designed to withstand the acid pH of the stomach. Enteric-coated
formulations should not be mixed with alkaline food or the coating will be
destroyed.
Adverse effects for the drug class include various pain syndromes, vertigo, insomnia
resulting in daytime sleepiness and confusion, increased risk of blood clots, and hair
loss. A key concern is the loss of bone mass. Bone loss can be significant when
considering the concurrent osteoporotic risks of postmenopause. Closer monitoring
Common adverse effects with aromatase
is required. All patients should be on calcium and vitamin D supplementation. A
inhibitors
relative leukopenia can occur, but the incidence of viral and bacteria infections is
not considered greater than matched groups (about 10%). Hypertension occurs in
10% of patients. A life-threatening increase in blood clotting can result in MI, stroke,
or pulmonary embolus. Hot flashes can be intense.
Aromatase inhibitors
Thyroid hormones
Drugs associated risk for bone loss which
Glucocorticoids
should be monitored
PPIs
SSRIs
1/12
, 3/29/25, 8:38 NR566 Midterm Flashcards |
AM
Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Extreme hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of
Clinical signs and symptoms DM muscle and fat that happens when there's not enough available insulin)
Fatigue
Irritability
Blurred vision
Slow-healing sores
Frequent infections, such as gums or skin infections and vaginal infections
Complications: stroke, heart attack, peripheral artery disease, diabetic retinopathy,
cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, diabetic foot.
Risk factors & associated complications of Risk factors: >45 years old, physical inactivity, 1st degree relative relative with DM,
DM high risk ethic group (african american, hispanic, native american, asian american,
and pacific islander), hx of gest DM, htn, HDL < 35, triglycerides >250, polycystic
ovarian syndrome, acanthosis nigricans, hx of cardiovascular disease.
Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose concentration ≥200 mg/dL.
*Casual is defined as any time of day without regard to time since last meal. The
classic symptoms of diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss.
Fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL. * Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at
least 8 h.
2-h postload plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test ≥200 mg/dL. The
test uses a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose
Diagnostic criteria of DM
dissolved in water.
Hb A1c
≥6.5%. PRE-
DIABETES:
Fasting plasma glucose 100-125 mg/dL (IFG) or
plasma glucose 140-199 mg/dL (IGT) 2 hr post-ingestion of standard glucose load
(75 g) or
Hb A1c 5.7%-6.4%
2/12
AM
NR566 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
Terms in this set (137)
Histamine2 blocking agents double alendronate bioavailability, but the impact is
unknown. Aspirin may decrease the bioavailability of tiludronate by up to 50%
Bioavailability of bisphosphonate drugs
when taken 2 hours after the tiludronate. Although indomethacin increases the
and appropriate patient education
bioavailability of tiludronate by 2- to 4-fold, the bioavailability is not significantly
altered by diclofenac; therefore, each NSAID must be considered individually.
Etidronate has also been associated with fractures in patients with Paget's disease
when they are given high doses or when therapy lasted longer than 6 months.
These patients must be carefully monitored with x-rays and laboratory work to
Adverse effects associated with long-term
assess for these lesions. The development of a rare form of subtrochanteric femur
use of bisphonates
fracture in non-Paget's patients using bisphosphonates is under close scrutiny and
has contributed to movement away from osteopenia prevention care to only
osteoporosis therapy (FDA, 2010a).
All doses are taken immediately before or with meals or snacks with a fatty
component. Fruit, hard candy, fruit juice like drinks, tea or coffee, or popsicles do
not require enzymes (CFF, 2009). Capsules may be opened and sprinkled on
food.
Capsules with enteric-coated beads should not be chewed. They may be sprinkled
on soft acidic food that is not hot and that can be swallowed without chewing, such
as applesauce or gelatin. Swallow immediately because the proteolytic
Specifics about administration and
enzymes may irritate the mucosa. Following with a glass of water or juice or
education regarding pancreatic enzymes
eating immediately after taking the drug helps to ensure that the medication is
swallowed and does not remain in contact with the mouth and esophagus for
long periods.
Pancrelipase is destroyed by acid. Proton pump inhibitors, sodium bicarbonate, or
aluminum-based antacids may be used with preparations without enteric coating
to neutralize gastric pH. Calcium- and magnesium-based antacids should not be
used for this purpose because they interfere with drug action. Enteric-coated
beads are designed to withstand the acid pH of the stomach. Enteric-coated
formulations should not be mixed with alkaline food or the coating will be
destroyed.
Adverse effects for the drug class include various pain syndromes, vertigo, insomnia
resulting in daytime sleepiness and confusion, increased risk of blood clots, and hair
loss. A key concern is the loss of bone mass. Bone loss can be significant when
considering the concurrent osteoporotic risks of postmenopause. Closer monitoring
Common adverse effects with aromatase
is required. All patients should be on calcium and vitamin D supplementation. A
inhibitors
relative leukopenia can occur, but the incidence of viral and bacteria infections is
not considered greater than matched groups (about 10%). Hypertension occurs in
10% of patients. A life-threatening increase in blood clotting can result in MI, stroke,
or pulmonary embolus. Hot flashes can be intense.
Aromatase inhibitors
Thyroid hormones
Drugs associated risk for bone loss which
Glucocorticoids
should be monitored
PPIs
SSRIs
1/12
, 3/29/25, 8:38 NR566 Midterm Flashcards |
AM
Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Extreme hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of
Clinical signs and symptoms DM muscle and fat that happens when there's not enough available insulin)
Fatigue
Irritability
Blurred vision
Slow-healing sores
Frequent infections, such as gums or skin infections and vaginal infections
Complications: stroke, heart attack, peripheral artery disease, diabetic retinopathy,
cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, diabetic foot.
Risk factors & associated complications of Risk factors: >45 years old, physical inactivity, 1st degree relative relative with DM,
DM high risk ethic group (african american, hispanic, native american, asian american,
and pacific islander), hx of gest DM, htn, HDL < 35, triglycerides >250, polycystic
ovarian syndrome, acanthosis nigricans, hx of cardiovascular disease.
Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose concentration ≥200 mg/dL.
*Casual is defined as any time of day without regard to time since last meal. The
classic symptoms of diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss.
Fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL. * Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at
least 8 h.
2-h postload plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test ≥200 mg/dL. The
test uses a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose
Diagnostic criteria of DM
dissolved in water.
Hb A1c
≥6.5%. PRE-
DIABETES:
Fasting plasma glucose 100-125 mg/dL (IFG) or
plasma glucose 140-199 mg/dL (IGT) 2 hr post-ingestion of standard glucose load
(75 g) or
Hb A1c 5.7%-6.4%
2/12
