Paper 2: Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941-91 - Key Topic 2: Cold War crises, 1958-70
In revising for this paper, it is important that you are able to recall key information from each key event so that you can use the information as
part of a narrative response, a consequences response, or an effects question.
Key event Key information: Can I recall How would I use this How would I use this How would I use this
three key facts about this event? information in a information in a information in an effects
“consequences” narrative style question? style question?
question?
The refugee problem By 1948, Germany had been split Consequence 1: Importance 1: Made
in Berlin into the East and West, the East Khrushchev believed that communistm look really
being under USSR control and East Germany should be a bad (people preferred
the West being under Western one territory state, if the capitalism over
control. This caused the East to West left berlin then it communism)
be under harsh communist would be harder for East
control which was increasingly Germans to migrate. On East Germans were
unpopular. In 1953, there were the 27th November fleeing to the west. West
riots against the comunist 1958, Khrushchev issued Germany received
government in East Germany. an ultimatum stating that Marshall Aid so it became
In one day, in August 1961, over Berlin should be prosperous with a higher
40,000 East Germans migrated demilitarized and western standard of living , to
from the East to West due to the troops should withdraw, many in the East. East
low living standards and and that Berlin should be Germany received far
shortages of basic needs. a free city. The west less aid from the USSR
In 1958, three million East were given six months to and its economic policies
Germans had crossed east to respond or Khrushchev were largely
west and between 1949 and would hand over control unsuccessful, so there
1961, over 4 million East of all routes to East was a low standard of
Germans migrated through German authorities. This living and shortages of
Berlin. This meant that many caused the West to have basic goods. Politically,
professionals such as technicians to acknowledge East East Germany was
were leaving to find better pay in Germany as a legitimate repressive – the Stasi
the West which ultimately country. Khrushchev monitored people. By
caused the West to build a believed his actions was 1958, 3 million East
stronger economy. essential to stop the flood Germans (1/6 of the
of East Germans leaving country) moved to the
, Paper 2: Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941-91 - Key Topic 2: Cold War crises, 1958-70
but the West viewed his west. This was important
actions as a way to as it was a properganda
spread communism. disaster for communism.
This created further
Consequence 2:The East tension as Khrushchev
German leader, Walter did not want it to seem
Ulbricht, urged like communism was
Khrushchev to shut the weak and was not
border in Berlin. On the popular as it not only
night of the 12th of reflected poorly on East
August 1961, Khrushchev Germany but on the
ordered East German whole USSR.
troops to place a barbed
wire fence around East Importance 2:
Berlin. Eventually a Khrushchev felt
165km concrete wall was compelled to act which
built which cut through led to summit meetings/
streets and buildings and ultimatum
ultimately split families
apart. Over 130 people By 1958, 3 million East
died trying to cross the Germans (1/6 of the
wall due to the harsh country) moved to the
watch in 'no-mans land' west. Khrushchev did not
to stop East Germans. want this to continue and
This act of the wall made so decided to intergrate
the USSR look like the the whole of Berlin into
aggressor as it appeared East Germany (making it
that they needed to 'lock' harder to flee, as west
Germans in to stop them Berlin would no longer
from migrating. exist). In November 27
1958 he issued an
ultimatum and demanded
Berlin should be
demilitarised and
In revising for this paper, it is important that you are able to recall key information from each key event so that you can use the information as
part of a narrative response, a consequences response, or an effects question.
Key event Key information: Can I recall How would I use this How would I use this How would I use this
three key facts about this event? information in a information in a information in an effects
“consequences” narrative style question? style question?
question?
The refugee problem By 1948, Germany had been split Consequence 1: Importance 1: Made
in Berlin into the East and West, the East Khrushchev believed that communistm look really
being under USSR control and East Germany should be a bad (people preferred
the West being under Western one territory state, if the capitalism over
control. This caused the East to West left berlin then it communism)
be under harsh communist would be harder for East
control which was increasingly Germans to migrate. On East Germans were
unpopular. In 1953, there were the 27th November fleeing to the west. West
riots against the comunist 1958, Khrushchev issued Germany received
government in East Germany. an ultimatum stating that Marshall Aid so it became
In one day, in August 1961, over Berlin should be prosperous with a higher
40,000 East Germans migrated demilitarized and western standard of living , to
from the East to West due to the troops should withdraw, many in the East. East
low living standards and and that Berlin should be Germany received far
shortages of basic needs. a free city. The west less aid from the USSR
In 1958, three million East were given six months to and its economic policies
Germans had crossed east to respond or Khrushchev were largely
west and between 1949 and would hand over control unsuccessful, so there
1961, over 4 million East of all routes to East was a low standard of
Germans migrated through German authorities. This living and shortages of
Berlin. This meant that many caused the West to have basic goods. Politically,
professionals such as technicians to acknowledge East East Germany was
were leaving to find better pay in Germany as a legitimate repressive – the Stasi
the West which ultimately country. Khrushchev monitored people. By
caused the West to build a believed his actions was 1958, 3 million East
stronger economy. essential to stop the flood Germans (1/6 of the
of East Germans leaving country) moved to the
, Paper 2: Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941-91 - Key Topic 2: Cold War crises, 1958-70
but the West viewed his west. This was important
actions as a way to as it was a properganda
spread communism. disaster for communism.
This created further
Consequence 2:The East tension as Khrushchev
German leader, Walter did not want it to seem
Ulbricht, urged like communism was
Khrushchev to shut the weak and was not
border in Berlin. On the popular as it not only
night of the 12th of reflected poorly on East
August 1961, Khrushchev Germany but on the
ordered East German whole USSR.
troops to place a barbed
wire fence around East Importance 2:
Berlin. Eventually a Khrushchev felt
165km concrete wall was compelled to act which
built which cut through led to summit meetings/
streets and buildings and ultimatum
ultimately split families
apart. Over 130 people By 1958, 3 million East
died trying to cross the Germans (1/6 of the
wall due to the harsh country) moved to the
watch in 'no-mans land' west. Khrushchev did not
to stop East Germans. want this to continue and
This act of the wall made so decided to intergrate
the USSR look like the the whole of Berlin into
aggressor as it appeared East Germany (making it
that they needed to 'lock' harder to flee, as west
Germans in to stop them Berlin would no longer
from migrating. exist). In November 27
1958 he issued an
ultimatum and demanded
Berlin should be
demilitarised and
