ASLP 4045 Exam #2- Hearing Aids and HAT
With 86 questions and answers Updated
What are the issues faced by those individuals with hearing loss? - Correct Answers 1.
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
Decreased audibiility
II! II!
2. Decreased dynamic range
II! II! II!
3. Decreased frequncy resolution
II! II! II!
4. Decreased temporal resolution
II! II! II!
II! What does the term decreased audibility mean? - Correct Answers Decreased sensitivity to
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! sounds , poor thresholds ( elevated), reduced audibility for speech sounds
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What does the term decreased dynamic range mean? - Correct Answers Decreased number of
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! dB levels between the softest sound you can hear ( threshold of audibility ) and when sounds
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! become painful ( level of discomfort) decreased range of intensity levels that you can hear
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What does the term decreased frequency resolution mean? - Correct Answers The clarity
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! between frequencies is decreased, decreased ability to tell one frequency apart from another
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What does the term decreased temporal resolution mean ? - Correct Answers Refers to timing,
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! trouble detecting , sensing the pauses between sounds and syllables within words, between
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! words in sentence, and voice onset time. Poor temporal resolution leads to poor speech
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! understanding because the person has trouble distinguishing between parts of the sentences and
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! words.
II! Damage to the outer hair cells causes what ? - Correct Answers OHC damage causes a
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! decreased sensitivity for soft sounds, - can hear less of the speech sounds in higher intensities (
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! dB level)
II!
,—-because the OHCs sharpen the peak of the traveling wave for sounds <40 dB ( this means it
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
won't vibrate the basilar membrane around that specific frequency ( sound) as much so that the
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
sound can be discerned better by IHC) , and this boosts these sounds ( increases the gain for these
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
sounds) to allow the IHC to sense these softer sounds ( increases the displacement on the basilar
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
membrane)
II!
II! How many rows or OHC and IHC and what happens if the OHC damaged ? - Correct Answers 3
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! rows OHC and if they are damaged decreased frequency resolution in the frequencies associated
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! with the area around the Level/part of the BM that those hair cells served, would have trouble
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! discriminating speech sounds and frequencies in he prescience of others, and reduced II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! /decreased audibility ( especially of soft sounds)- II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Poor frequency resolution can lead to what - Correct Answers Poor temporal resolution
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Without the outer hair cells what kind of hearing loss results - Correct Answers Moderate
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! cochlear hearing loss - a 40 to 60 dB loss ( because the outer hair cells boost frequencies that are
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! softer)
II! Electromotillity of the outer hair cells - Correct Answers OHC increase gain for softer sounds II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! and brain sends signals to the cochlea to do this, the OHC act as a cochlear amplifier and they
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! increase the displacement on the basilar membrane for softer sounds
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What are the high frequency components of speech vs. the low frequency components of
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! speech? - Correct Answers High frequency components - consonants ( weaker or softer than
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! vowels) II!
Low frequency components - vowels
II! II! II! II!
High frequency information is the most commonly missed
II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! tonotopic organization of the cochlea - Correct Answers As you stimulate the cochlea the
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! basilar membrane areas respond (vibrate ) based on the frequencies that vibrates best in that
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! particular area of the membrane. Base - high frequency II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
, Apex- low frequency II! II!
Basilar membrane is an overlapping series of band pass filters
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What happens when high frequency information is missed what results? - Correct Answers
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Speech is audible , but not intelligible because the consonants. ( high frequency components help
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! to make speech meaningful) , decreased intelligibility of words
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! For 90 percent of adults and 75 percent of children with hearing loss , degree of impairment
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! worsens in which frequency range - Correct Answers 500- 4K HZ
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! OHC loss results in - Correct Answers Attenuation, Decreased volume of soft sounds, decreased
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! audibility/sensitivity
II! IHC damage results in - Correct Answers Distortion , loss of clarity , distorts signal completely
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Combination of OHC and IHC loss - Correct Answers Distortion, loss of sensitivity and clarity II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Difference between the level of discomfort and the threshold of audibility - Correct Answers .
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! dynamic range II!
II! Is it appropriate to amplify all sounds by the amount needed to make soft around audible? -
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Correct Answers No because if someone has a reduced dynamic range there might be an
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! abnormal growth in loudness , and ppl's threshold of discomfort typically does not change much.
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Does sensorineural hearing loss increase threshold or loudness discomfort more? - Correct
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Answers SNHL increases threshold more than it increases loudness discomfort meaning this
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! level of discomfort will most likely remain the same.
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
With 86 questions and answers Updated
What are the issues faced by those individuals with hearing loss? - Correct Answers 1.
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
Decreased audibiility
II! II!
2. Decreased dynamic range
II! II! II!
3. Decreased frequncy resolution
II! II! II!
4. Decreased temporal resolution
II! II! II!
II! What does the term decreased audibility mean? - Correct Answers Decreased sensitivity to
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! sounds , poor thresholds ( elevated), reduced audibility for speech sounds
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What does the term decreased dynamic range mean? - Correct Answers Decreased number of
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! dB levels between the softest sound you can hear ( threshold of audibility ) and when sounds
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! become painful ( level of discomfort) decreased range of intensity levels that you can hear
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What does the term decreased frequency resolution mean? - Correct Answers The clarity
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! between frequencies is decreased, decreased ability to tell one frequency apart from another
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What does the term decreased temporal resolution mean ? - Correct Answers Refers to timing,
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! trouble detecting , sensing the pauses between sounds and syllables within words, between
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! words in sentence, and voice onset time. Poor temporal resolution leads to poor speech
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! understanding because the person has trouble distinguishing between parts of the sentences and
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! words.
II! Damage to the outer hair cells causes what ? - Correct Answers OHC damage causes a
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! decreased sensitivity for soft sounds, - can hear less of the speech sounds in higher intensities (
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! dB level)
II!
,—-because the OHCs sharpen the peak of the traveling wave for sounds <40 dB ( this means it
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
won't vibrate the basilar membrane around that specific frequency ( sound) as much so that the
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
sound can be discerned better by IHC) , and this boosts these sounds ( increases the gain for these
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
sounds) to allow the IHC to sense these softer sounds ( increases the displacement on the basilar
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
membrane)
II!
II! How many rows or OHC and IHC and what happens if the OHC damaged ? - Correct Answers 3
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! rows OHC and if they are damaged decreased frequency resolution in the frequencies associated
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! with the area around the Level/part of the BM that those hair cells served, would have trouble
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! discriminating speech sounds and frequencies in he prescience of others, and reduced II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! /decreased audibility ( especially of soft sounds)- II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Poor frequency resolution can lead to what - Correct Answers Poor temporal resolution
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Without the outer hair cells what kind of hearing loss results - Correct Answers Moderate
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! cochlear hearing loss - a 40 to 60 dB loss ( because the outer hair cells boost frequencies that are
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! softer)
II! Electromotillity of the outer hair cells - Correct Answers OHC increase gain for softer sounds II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! and brain sends signals to the cochlea to do this, the OHC act as a cochlear amplifier and they
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! increase the displacement on the basilar membrane for softer sounds
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What are the high frequency components of speech vs. the low frequency components of
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! speech? - Correct Answers High frequency components - consonants ( weaker or softer than
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! vowels) II!
Low frequency components - vowels
II! II! II! II!
High frequency information is the most commonly missed
II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! tonotopic organization of the cochlea - Correct Answers As you stimulate the cochlea the
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! basilar membrane areas respond (vibrate ) based on the frequencies that vibrates best in that
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! particular area of the membrane. Base - high frequency II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
, Apex- low frequency II! II!
Basilar membrane is an overlapping series of band pass filters
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! What happens when high frequency information is missed what results? - Correct Answers
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Speech is audible , but not intelligible because the consonants. ( high frequency components help
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! to make speech meaningful) , decreased intelligibility of words
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! For 90 percent of adults and 75 percent of children with hearing loss , degree of impairment
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! worsens in which frequency range - Correct Answers 500- 4K HZ
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! OHC loss results in - Correct Answers Attenuation, Decreased volume of soft sounds, decreased
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! audibility/sensitivity
II! IHC damage results in - Correct Answers Distortion , loss of clarity , distorts signal completely
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Combination of OHC and IHC loss - Correct Answers Distortion, loss of sensitivity and clarity II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Difference between the level of discomfort and the threshold of audibility - Correct Answers .
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! dynamic range II!
II! Is it appropriate to amplify all sounds by the amount needed to make soft around audible? -
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Correct Answers No because if someone has a reduced dynamic range there might be an
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! abnormal growth in loudness , and ppl's threshold of discomfort typically does not change much.
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Does sensorineural hearing loss increase threshold or loudness discomfort more? - Correct
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! Answers SNHL increases threshold more than it increases loudness discomfort meaning this
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
II! level of discomfort will most likely remain the same.
II! II! II! II! II! II! II! II!
