,USPS POSTAL EXAM 421 SSA ACADEMY ACTUAL EXAM 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
Emergent literacy - (ANSWER)REFERS TO CHILD'S BELIEFS ABOUT AND EXPERIENCES WITH READING
AND WRITING PRIOR TO FORMAL INSTRUCTION.
print motivation - (ANSWER)Being interested in and enjoying printed materials
print awarenes - (ANSWER)interest in print; pretending to read
listening and oral vocabularies - (ANSWER)words understood when heard; words used in speech
narrative skills - (ANSWER)child's spoke or written description of a real or fictional event from the
past, the present or the future; ability to retell or describe events
letter knowledge - (ANSWER)the ability to identify the letters of the alphabet
phonological awareness - (ANSWER)an awareness of and the ability to understand and manipulate the
sounds of spoken words.
forms the foundation of future reading and writing development. - (ANSWER)emergent literacy
alphabetic principle - (ANSWER)written words are composed of letters and and that groups of letters
represent the sounds of spoken words
phonemes - (ANSWER)The sounds letters represent - the speech sound
graphemes - (ANSWER)written symbol - letter
4 dimensions of language - (ANSWER)speaking, listening, reading and writing
,2 dimensions of oral language - (ANSWER)speaking and listening
4 Components of oral language - (ANSWER)Phonological awareness, semantic understanding, syntactic
understanding, pragmatics
phonological awareness - (ANSWER)an awareness of and the ability to manipulate the sounds of
spoken words.
semantic understanding - (ANSWER)understanding vocabulary
syntactic understanding - (ANSWER)understanding grammar
pragmatics - (ANSWER)the understanding of the social and cultural use of language
decoding - (ANSWER)application of the of the alphabetic principle to correctly say or read written
words with understanding
encoding - (ANSWER)
phonics - (ANSWER)the recognition that written letters represent sound
graphophonemic understanding - (ANSWER)the recognition that written letters represent sound
Onset-Rime phonics - (ANSWER)Children learn to identify the sound of the letter or letters before the
first vowel (the onset) in a one-syllable word and the sound of the remaining part of the word (the
rime)
fluency - (ANSWER)reading with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension
4 components of fluency - (ANSWER)accuracy, automaticity, rate, prosody
, rate - (ANSWER)the speed at which a reader can read a specific text - the silent reading rate
accuracy - (ANSWER)ability to pronounce or sound out words
automaticity - (ANSWER)occurs when a reader can identify words without conscious effort
prosody - (ANSWER)rhythm, stress patterns and intonations of speech
structural analysis - (ANSWER)involves splitting words into their individual parts; prefix, suffix, and
root word to determine meaning.
Comprehension - (ANSWER)the goal of reading
Instructional methods for teaching comprehension - (ANSWER)direct, modeling, guided and
independent practice, and cooperative learning
graphic organizer - (ANSWER)A diagram or picture device that shows relationships.
semantic organizer - (ANSWER)Graphic organizers that look somewhat like a spider web that connect a
central concept to a variety of related ideas and events
summarizing - (ANSWER)retelling of reading content in either written or oral form
narrative story - (ANSWER)story with a beginning middle and end; usually fiction
expository structures - (ANSWER)text used to describe or reveal subject area content - sequence,
cause/effect, compare/contrast
main idea - (ANSWER)the key point; stated or nonstated
ANSWERS
Emergent literacy - (ANSWER)REFERS TO CHILD'S BELIEFS ABOUT AND EXPERIENCES WITH READING
AND WRITING PRIOR TO FORMAL INSTRUCTION.
print motivation - (ANSWER)Being interested in and enjoying printed materials
print awarenes - (ANSWER)interest in print; pretending to read
listening and oral vocabularies - (ANSWER)words understood when heard; words used in speech
narrative skills - (ANSWER)child's spoke or written description of a real or fictional event from the
past, the present or the future; ability to retell or describe events
letter knowledge - (ANSWER)the ability to identify the letters of the alphabet
phonological awareness - (ANSWER)an awareness of and the ability to understand and manipulate the
sounds of spoken words.
forms the foundation of future reading and writing development. - (ANSWER)emergent literacy
alphabetic principle - (ANSWER)written words are composed of letters and and that groups of letters
represent the sounds of spoken words
phonemes - (ANSWER)The sounds letters represent - the speech sound
graphemes - (ANSWER)written symbol - letter
4 dimensions of language - (ANSWER)speaking, listening, reading and writing
,2 dimensions of oral language - (ANSWER)speaking and listening
4 Components of oral language - (ANSWER)Phonological awareness, semantic understanding, syntactic
understanding, pragmatics
phonological awareness - (ANSWER)an awareness of and the ability to manipulate the sounds of
spoken words.
semantic understanding - (ANSWER)understanding vocabulary
syntactic understanding - (ANSWER)understanding grammar
pragmatics - (ANSWER)the understanding of the social and cultural use of language
decoding - (ANSWER)application of the of the alphabetic principle to correctly say or read written
words with understanding
encoding - (ANSWER)
phonics - (ANSWER)the recognition that written letters represent sound
graphophonemic understanding - (ANSWER)the recognition that written letters represent sound
Onset-Rime phonics - (ANSWER)Children learn to identify the sound of the letter or letters before the
first vowel (the onset) in a one-syllable word and the sound of the remaining part of the word (the
rime)
fluency - (ANSWER)reading with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension
4 components of fluency - (ANSWER)accuracy, automaticity, rate, prosody
, rate - (ANSWER)the speed at which a reader can read a specific text - the silent reading rate
accuracy - (ANSWER)ability to pronounce or sound out words
automaticity - (ANSWER)occurs when a reader can identify words without conscious effort
prosody - (ANSWER)rhythm, stress patterns and intonations of speech
structural analysis - (ANSWER)involves splitting words into their individual parts; prefix, suffix, and
root word to determine meaning.
Comprehension - (ANSWER)the goal of reading
Instructional methods for teaching comprehension - (ANSWER)direct, modeling, guided and
independent practice, and cooperative learning
graphic organizer - (ANSWER)A diagram or picture device that shows relationships.
semantic organizer - (ANSWER)Graphic organizers that look somewhat like a spider web that connect a
central concept to a variety of related ideas and events
summarizing - (ANSWER)retelling of reading content in either written or oral form
narrative story - (ANSWER)story with a beginning middle and end; usually fiction
expository structures - (ANSWER)text used to describe or reveal subject area content - sequence,
cause/effect, compare/contrast
main idea - (ANSWER)the key point; stated or nonstated
