Biol 2600 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_eb1vof
1. Most common post field work and statistical analyses are too often put to the side; without
mistake in exper- relevant statistical hypotheses we are unable to determine what kind of data and
imental ecology how much is required
2. Type 2 Error (Beta)
Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true
3. Type 1 Error (Alpha)
Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false
Typically P>0.05 --> Reject Ho
4. Precision vs. Ac- precision is the consistency of output
curacy (high precision=low variation)
accuracy is alignment with the targeted value or goal
(high accuracy = low systematic bias)
5. 7 steps of experi- 1. formulate a research question
mental ecology 2. formulate stat hypothesis
3. identify stat test
4. define stat replicate
5. sketch null (Ho)
6. Run power analysis/Pilot study
7. Fieldwork/Data collection
6. Bar Chart/ Box y axis = continuous
plot x axis = categorical
--> 2 groups = T-test
--> 2+ groups = ANOVA
Ho: No Difference
7. Mosaic Plot X&Y axis = categorical
--> Chi Square
Ho: No Association
, Biol 2600 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_eb1vof
8. XY Graphs X&Y axis = continuous
--> Regression
--> Correlation
Ho: No correlation (Y is independent of X)
9. Logistic Graph Y-axis = categorical
X-axis = continuous
--> Logistic Regression
Ho: Independent
10. Ubiquitous (pvc piping in a square)
Quadrat - easy and cheap method for population counting
count # of different species, stems, ground coverage
11. Bound (Bruan-Blaquet, Point/Pin, Percent Cover)
(area-based) Coverting Bruant Blanquet to Percent Cover
Counting <1% --> +
Method 1-5% --> 1
6-25% --> 2
26-50% --> 3
51-75% --> 4
76-100% --> 5
12. Unbound; dis- - point line
tance counting Di = (N1+N2)/2rl x ln(N1+N2/N2)
method (line
transect) - plotless
nearest individual
Di = 1/(2r)^2
ie. randomly select distances on tape measure and measure how far nearest
species of interest is
nearest neighbour
, Biol 2600 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_eb1vof
Di = 1/(1.67r)^2
ie. measure from 1st species to nearest neighbour
13. Mark Recapture Ntot = N1N2/R
Formula ( R>7 ) - tends to overestimate population size
14. Lincoln Index/ Ntot= ((N1+1)(N2+1)/(R+1))-1
Peterson Esti-
mate (Mark Re-
capture Formula)
15. Index of Dis- I.D>1: Clumped
persion (Vari- ie. intra aggregation, habitat selection, inter comp
ance/Mean) I.D<1: Dispersed/Uniform
ie. intra comp (limited resources), habitat selection
I.D=1: Random
ie. accumulative effect from multiple processes
16. Population Den- Abundance/Range
sity
17. How is popula- biotic potential : max potential for population to grow assuming max birth rate
tion size deter- and death rate
mined environmental resistance : decreases pop growth
18. Geometric/ Dis- - assumes an unlimited environment
crete Growth - density-independent (closed population)
- non-overlapping generations
Nt = No(lambda)^t
19. Exponential - assumes an unlimited environment
Growth - density-independent (closed population)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_eb1vof
1. Most common post field work and statistical analyses are too often put to the side; without
mistake in exper- relevant statistical hypotheses we are unable to determine what kind of data and
imental ecology how much is required
2. Type 2 Error (Beta)
Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true
3. Type 1 Error (Alpha)
Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false
Typically P>0.05 --> Reject Ho
4. Precision vs. Ac- precision is the consistency of output
curacy (high precision=low variation)
accuracy is alignment with the targeted value or goal
(high accuracy = low systematic bias)
5. 7 steps of experi- 1. formulate a research question
mental ecology 2. formulate stat hypothesis
3. identify stat test
4. define stat replicate
5. sketch null (Ho)
6. Run power analysis/Pilot study
7. Fieldwork/Data collection
6. Bar Chart/ Box y axis = continuous
plot x axis = categorical
--> 2 groups = T-test
--> 2+ groups = ANOVA
Ho: No Difference
7. Mosaic Plot X&Y axis = categorical
--> Chi Square
Ho: No Association
, Biol 2600 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_eb1vof
8. XY Graphs X&Y axis = continuous
--> Regression
--> Correlation
Ho: No correlation (Y is independent of X)
9. Logistic Graph Y-axis = categorical
X-axis = continuous
--> Logistic Regression
Ho: Independent
10. Ubiquitous (pvc piping in a square)
Quadrat - easy and cheap method for population counting
count # of different species, stems, ground coverage
11. Bound (Bruan-Blaquet, Point/Pin, Percent Cover)
(area-based) Coverting Bruant Blanquet to Percent Cover
Counting <1% --> +
Method 1-5% --> 1
6-25% --> 2
26-50% --> 3
51-75% --> 4
76-100% --> 5
12. Unbound; dis- - point line
tance counting Di = (N1+N2)/2rl x ln(N1+N2/N2)
method (line
transect) - plotless
nearest individual
Di = 1/(2r)^2
ie. randomly select distances on tape measure and measure how far nearest
species of interest is
nearest neighbour
, Biol 2600 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_eb1vof
Di = 1/(1.67r)^2
ie. measure from 1st species to nearest neighbour
13. Mark Recapture Ntot = N1N2/R
Formula ( R>7 ) - tends to overestimate population size
14. Lincoln Index/ Ntot= ((N1+1)(N2+1)/(R+1))-1
Peterson Esti-
mate (Mark Re-
capture Formula)
15. Index of Dis- I.D>1: Clumped
persion (Vari- ie. intra aggregation, habitat selection, inter comp
ance/Mean) I.D<1: Dispersed/Uniform
ie. intra comp (limited resources), habitat selection
I.D=1: Random
ie. accumulative effect from multiple processes
16. Population Den- Abundance/Range
sity
17. How is popula- biotic potential : max potential for population to grow assuming max birth rate
tion size deter- and death rate
mined environmental resistance : decreases pop growth
18. Geometric/ Dis- - assumes an unlimited environment
crete Growth - density-independent (closed population)
- non-overlapping generations
Nt = No(lambda)^t
19. Exponential - assumes an unlimited environment
Growth - density-independent (closed population)
