TEST BANK ESSENTIALS OF PSYCHOLOGY 5TH EDITION
Chapter c1: cIntroduction cto cthe cScience cof cPsychology
LEARNING cOBJECTIVES
1. Define cpsychology.
2. Name cthe cvarious csubfields cof cpsychology. cDescribe cthe cactivities cand cinterests cof
cpsychologists cin ceach csubfield.
3. Explain chow cthe csubfields cof cpsychology ccan coverlap. cDescribe chow cthe cfield cof
cpsychology cis clinked cto cother cdisciplines.
4. Define cempiricism.
5. Discuss cthe chistory cof cpsychology. cCompare cthe cgoals, cmethods, cand cbeliefs cassociated
cwith cstruc- cturalism, cGestalt cpsychology, cpsychoanalysis, cfunctionalism, cand cbehaviorism.
6. Compare cand ccontrast cthe cbasic cassumptions cof cthe cfollowing capproaches cto cpsychology:
cbiological, cevolutionary, cpsychodynamic, cbehavioral, ccognitive, cand chumanistic. cDefine
ceclectic.
7. Explain cwhy cpsychologists care cinterested cin cthe cinfluence cof cculture con cbehavior cand cmental
cpro- ccesses. cDefine cand cgive cexamples cof csociocultural cvariables. cCompare cand ccontrast
cindividualist cand ccollectivist ccultures.
8. Define ccritical cthinking. cBe cable cto cassess cclaims cby cusing cthe cfive-step cprocess cpresented cin cthe
ctext.
9. Define cand cgive can cexample cof ca chypothesis, coperational cdefinition, cand cvariable.
1. Discuss cthe cimportance cof creliability cand cvalidity cin cevaluating cthe cquality cof cevidence.
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,2. Describe cthe cevolution cof ca ctheory.
3. List cthe cfour cmain cgoals cof cscientific cresearch cin cpsychology.
4. Describe cthe cfollowing cresearch cmethods, cand cdiscuss cthe cadvantages cand cdisadvantages
cof ceach: cnaturalistic cobservation, ccase cstudies, cand csurveys.
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, 5. Define ccorrelation. cGive can cexample cof ca cpositive ccorrelation cand ca cnegative ccorrelation.
cExplain chow ccorrelation ccoefficients care cinterpreted. cExplain cwhy ccorrelation cdoes cnot
cguarantee ccausation.
6. Define cand cgive can cexample cof can cexperiment. cExplain cwhy cexperiments ccan cestablish ccause-
and-ef- cfect crelationships, cbut cother cresearch cmethods ccannot.
7. Define cand cexplain cthe crole cof cindependent cand cdependent cvariables, cand cof cexperimental cand
ccontrol cgroups cin can cexperiment.
8. Define cconfounding cvariable. cDiscuss cthe cproblems cassociated cwith cthe cfollowing
cconfounding cvari- cables: crandom cvariables, cthe cplacebo ceffect, cand cexperimenter cbias.
9. Define crandom cassignment, cplacebo, cand cdouble-blind cdesign. cExplain cthe cpurpose cof ceach cin
can cex- cperiment.
19. Define csampling, crandom csample, cand cbiased csample. cDiscuss cthe cimportance cof csampling
cin cdata ccollection.
10. Give cexamples cof cthe cquestions cand cissues cassociated cwith cthe cfield cof cbehavioral cgenetics.
cExplain chow cfamily, ctwin, cand cadoption cstudies care cused cto cexplore cthe crelative croles cof
cgenetics cand cenviron- cmental cvariables cin chuman cdevelopment.
11. Define cdata. cSummarize cthe cuse cof cdescriptive cand cinferential cstatistics cin cevaluating cdata.
12. Explain cthe cimportance cof cstatistically csignificant cresearch cresults.
13. Describe cthe cethical cguidelines cthat cpsychologists cmust cfollow.
MULTIPLE cCHOICE
1. Psychology cis cbest cdefined cas cthe
a. search cfor ctreatments cof cemotional, ccognitive, cand cneurological cdisorders.
b. use cof cscientific cmethods cto cstudy cthe celements cof chuman cconsciousness.
c. study cof cthe chuman cexperience cfrom cbirth cto cold cage.
d. science cof cbehavior cand cmental cprocesses.
ANS: c D REF: c c 3 OBJ: c c 1 KEY: c F
2. In chis coral cpresentation cclass, cKevin cgave ca cspeech con cthe cfield cof cpsychology. c He copened cby
csaying cthat cpsychology cis cbest cdefined cas cthe cscientific cstudy cof
a. disorders cand ctherapies. c. behavior cand cmental cprocesses.
b. motivation cand cemotion. d. c sensation cand
cperception. cANS: c C REF: c c 3 OBJ: c c 1
KEY: c C/A
3. A ccognitive cpsychologist cwould cbe cmost clikely cto cdesign ca cstudy cof
a. how cpeople cinfluence ceach cother.
b. the cprocesses cinvolved cin cdecision cmaking.
c. which ccharacteristics cmake chumans cunique.
d. how cwe ccan cbest canalyze cpsychological cdata.
ANS: c B REF: c c 3 OBJ: c c 2 KEY: c F
Responses:
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, rpb c= c.39A. c3% B. c91% cC. c3% D. c3%
4. Psychologists cwho cfocus ctheir cresearch con cprocesses csuch cas cdecision cmaking, cproblem
csolving, cand cimagination cwould cmost clikely cbe cconsidered c psychologists.
a. cognitive c. social
b. personality d. industrial-organizational
ANS: c A REF: c c 3 OBJ: c c 2 KEY: c F
Responses:
rpb c= c.22A. c92% B. c5% C. c0% D. c3%
5. After ctwo cyears cof cresearch, cDr. cSimon cbelieves cthat cshe chas cdiscovered ca chormone cthat cis
cdirectly crelated cto ceating cdisorders. cDr. cSimon cis cmost clikely ca c psychologist.
a. social c. community
b. biological d. c c cognitive
ANS: c B REF: c c 4 OBJ: c c 2 KEY: c C/A
6. Roy cis cinterested cin cthe cdetails cof cthe crelationship cbetween cbrain cstructures cand cbehavior. cRoy
cis cmost clikely ca c psychologist.
a. personality c. biological
b. social d. c c counseling
ANS: c C REF: c c 4 OBJ: c c 2 KEY: c C/A
7. Suzi cis cinterested cin cstudying cthe creasons cthat csome cpeople ctend cto cpursue csocial cactivities cin
ctheir cfree ctime, cwhereas cothers cprefer cto cengage cin csolitary cactivities. cSuzi cis cinterested cin c
psychology.
a. clinical c. biological
b. developmental d. c c personality
ANS: c D REF: c c 4 OBJ: c c 2 KEY: c C/A
8. Dana cis cinvestigating cthe crelationship cbetween coptimism cand ca cnumber cof cother cfactors,
cincluding cachievement cand cproblem-solving cskills. cDana cis cmost clikely ca c psychologist.
a. social c. personality
b. clinical d. c c quantitative
ANS: c C REF: c c 4 OBJ: c c 2 KEY: c C/A
Responses:
Downloaded cby cGichau cCaren
c()
Chapter c1: cIntroduction cto cthe cScience cof cPsychology
LEARNING cOBJECTIVES
1. Define cpsychology.
2. Name cthe cvarious csubfields cof cpsychology. cDescribe cthe cactivities cand cinterests cof
cpsychologists cin ceach csubfield.
3. Explain chow cthe csubfields cof cpsychology ccan coverlap. cDescribe chow cthe cfield cof
cpsychology cis clinked cto cother cdisciplines.
4. Define cempiricism.
5. Discuss cthe chistory cof cpsychology. cCompare cthe cgoals, cmethods, cand cbeliefs cassociated
cwith cstruc- cturalism, cGestalt cpsychology, cpsychoanalysis, cfunctionalism, cand cbehaviorism.
6. Compare cand ccontrast cthe cbasic cassumptions cof cthe cfollowing capproaches cto cpsychology:
cbiological, cevolutionary, cpsychodynamic, cbehavioral, ccognitive, cand chumanistic. cDefine
ceclectic.
7. Explain cwhy cpsychologists care cinterested cin cthe cinfluence cof cculture con cbehavior cand cmental
cpro- ccesses. cDefine cand cgive cexamples cof csociocultural cvariables. cCompare cand ccontrast
cindividualist cand ccollectivist ccultures.
8. Define ccritical cthinking. cBe cable cto cassess cclaims cby cusing cthe cfive-step cprocess cpresented cin cthe
ctext.
9. Define cand cgive can cexample cof ca chypothesis, coperational cdefinition, cand cvariable.
1. Discuss cthe cimportance cof creliability cand cvalidity cin cevaluating cthe cquality cof cevidence.
Downloaded cby cGichau cCaren
c()
,2. Describe cthe cevolution cof ca ctheory.
3. List cthe cfour cmain cgoals cof cscientific cresearch cin cpsychology.
4. Describe cthe cfollowing cresearch cmethods, cand cdiscuss cthe cadvantages cand cdisadvantages
cof ceach: cnaturalistic cobservation, ccase cstudies, cand csurveys.
Downloaded cby cGichau cCaren
c()
, 5. Define ccorrelation. cGive can cexample cof ca cpositive ccorrelation cand ca cnegative ccorrelation.
cExplain chow ccorrelation ccoefficients care cinterpreted. cExplain cwhy ccorrelation cdoes cnot
cguarantee ccausation.
6. Define cand cgive can cexample cof can cexperiment. cExplain cwhy cexperiments ccan cestablish ccause-
and-ef- cfect crelationships, cbut cother cresearch cmethods ccannot.
7. Define cand cexplain cthe crole cof cindependent cand cdependent cvariables, cand cof cexperimental cand
ccontrol cgroups cin can cexperiment.
8. Define cconfounding cvariable. cDiscuss cthe cproblems cassociated cwith cthe cfollowing
cconfounding cvari- cables: crandom cvariables, cthe cplacebo ceffect, cand cexperimenter cbias.
9. Define crandom cassignment, cplacebo, cand cdouble-blind cdesign. cExplain cthe cpurpose cof ceach cin
can cex- cperiment.
19. Define csampling, crandom csample, cand cbiased csample. cDiscuss cthe cimportance cof csampling
cin cdata ccollection.
10. Give cexamples cof cthe cquestions cand cissues cassociated cwith cthe cfield cof cbehavioral cgenetics.
cExplain chow cfamily, ctwin, cand cadoption cstudies care cused cto cexplore cthe crelative croles cof
cgenetics cand cenviron- cmental cvariables cin chuman cdevelopment.
11. Define cdata. cSummarize cthe cuse cof cdescriptive cand cinferential cstatistics cin cevaluating cdata.
12. Explain cthe cimportance cof cstatistically csignificant cresearch cresults.
13. Describe cthe cethical cguidelines cthat cpsychologists cmust cfollow.
MULTIPLE cCHOICE
1. Psychology cis cbest cdefined cas cthe
a. search cfor ctreatments cof cemotional, ccognitive, cand cneurological cdisorders.
b. use cof cscientific cmethods cto cstudy cthe celements cof chuman cconsciousness.
c. study cof cthe chuman cexperience cfrom cbirth cto cold cage.
d. science cof cbehavior cand cmental cprocesses.
ANS: c D REF: c c 3 OBJ: c c 1 KEY: c F
2. In chis coral cpresentation cclass, cKevin cgave ca cspeech con cthe cfield cof cpsychology. c He copened cby
csaying cthat cpsychology cis cbest cdefined cas cthe cscientific cstudy cof
a. disorders cand ctherapies. c. behavior cand cmental cprocesses.
b. motivation cand cemotion. d. c sensation cand
cperception. cANS: c C REF: c c 3 OBJ: c c 1
KEY: c C/A
3. A ccognitive cpsychologist cwould cbe cmost clikely cto cdesign ca cstudy cof
a. how cpeople cinfluence ceach cother.
b. the cprocesses cinvolved cin cdecision cmaking.
c. which ccharacteristics cmake chumans cunique.
d. how cwe ccan cbest canalyze cpsychological cdata.
ANS: c B REF: c c 3 OBJ: c c 2 KEY: c F
Responses:
Downloaded cby cGichau cCaren
c()
, rpb c= c.39A. c3% B. c91% cC. c3% D. c3%
4. Psychologists cwho cfocus ctheir cresearch con cprocesses csuch cas cdecision cmaking, cproblem
csolving, cand cimagination cwould cmost clikely cbe cconsidered c psychologists.
a. cognitive c. social
b. personality d. industrial-organizational
ANS: c A REF: c c 3 OBJ: c c 2 KEY: c F
Responses:
rpb c= c.22A. c92% B. c5% C. c0% D. c3%
5. After ctwo cyears cof cresearch, cDr. cSimon cbelieves cthat cshe chas cdiscovered ca chormone cthat cis
cdirectly crelated cto ceating cdisorders. cDr. cSimon cis cmost clikely ca c psychologist.
a. social c. community
b. biological d. c c cognitive
ANS: c B REF: c c 4 OBJ: c c 2 KEY: c C/A
6. Roy cis cinterested cin cthe cdetails cof cthe crelationship cbetween cbrain cstructures cand cbehavior. cRoy
cis cmost clikely ca c psychologist.
a. personality c. biological
b. social d. c c counseling
ANS: c C REF: c c 4 OBJ: c c 2 KEY: c C/A
7. Suzi cis cinterested cin cstudying cthe creasons cthat csome cpeople ctend cto cpursue csocial cactivities cin
ctheir cfree ctime, cwhereas cothers cprefer cto cengage cin csolitary cactivities. cSuzi cis cinterested cin c
psychology.
a. clinical c. biological
b. developmental d. c c personality
ANS: c D REF: c c 4 OBJ: c c 2 KEY: c C/A
8. Dana cis cinvestigating cthe crelationship cbetween coptimism cand ca cnumber cof cother cfactors,
cincluding cachievement cand cproblem-solving cskills. cDana cis cmost clikely ca c psychologist.
a. social c. personality
b. clinical d. c c quantitative
ANS: c C REF: c c 4 OBJ: c c 2 KEY: c C/A
Responses:
Downloaded cby cGichau cCaren
c()
