3/30/25, 7:34 NURS 6512 Final Exam Review |
AM
NURS 6512 FINAL EXAM REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Fever, Conjunctival Injection, Strawberry Tongue, and Edema of the Hands and
Examination Findings of a child Feet.
with Kawasaki disease
Lymphadenopathy and Polymorphous Nonvesicular Rashes.
Grading:
1+ Slight Pitting, no visible distortion, disappears rapidly.
2+ A Somewhat Deeper Pit than in 12+, but again no readily detectable distortion,
disappears in 10-15 seconds.
Peripheral Edema
3+ Noticeably Deep Pit that may last more than a minute; dependent extremity
looks fuller and swollen.
4+ Very Deep Pit that lasts as long as 2-5 min; dependent extremity is grossly
distorted.
Ammonia in breath odor Uremia (ammonia)
4+ Bounding
3+ Full, Increased
Grading of Pulses 2+ Expected
1+ Diminished, barely palpable
0 Absent, not palpable
Stage I - Viable - No sensory impairment - No motor impairment - Audible
Arterial Doppler Signal - Audible Venous Dopler Signal
Stage IIa - Marginally Threatened - Minimal Sensory Impairment - No Motor
Impairment - Often inaudible Arterial Doppler Signal - Audible Venous Doppler
Signal
Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI)
Stage IIb - Immediately Threatened - Rest Pain Sensory Impairment - Mild to
moderate Motor Impairment - Inaudible Arterial Doppler Signal - Audible Venous
Doppler Signal
Stage III - Irreversible - Anesthetic Sensory Impairment - Paralytic/rigor Motor
Impairment - Inaudible Arterial Doppler Signal - Inaudible Venous Doppler Signal
Site of Pain is Distal to the
Narrowing. Note:
Pulses (strong, weak or possibly absent)
Assessment for Peripheral Arterial Possible systolic bruits over the arteries that may extend through
Disease diastole. Loss of expected body warmth.
Localized pallor and cyanosis.
Collapsed superficial veins, with delay in venous filling.
Thin, atrophied skin; muscle atrophy.
With increasing cardiac output beginning in the 1st trimester, the pulse may
be more easily palpated, with an abrupt rise and rapid fall. With increasing
blood volume in the second trimester, jugular a and v waves may be easier to
Varicosity Findings In Pregnant Women
see. JVP should remain normal. Peripheral edema is a common finding as the
pregnancy
progresses. Varicose veins can develop during pregnancy and in the postpartum
period.
S1 - Closure of the mitral and tricuspid (AV) Valves, indicates the beginning of
systole. Best heard toward the apex.
S2 - Closure of the aortic and pulmonic (semilunar) Valves, indicates the end of
systole. Best heard in the aortic and pulmonic areas. Higher pitch and shorter
duration.
Heart Sounds
S3 - Best heard when the patient is in the left lateral decubitus (recumbent)
position. Ventricular Gallup - Ken-Tuck-Y
S4 - Most commonly heard in the older patients, but may be heard at any
age when there is increased resistance to filling because the ventricular walls
have lost compliance. Atrial Gallup - Ten-nes-see
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7
, 3/30/25, 7:34 NURS 6512 Final Exam Review |
AM
PMI Point of Maximal Impulse typically noted at the left 5th intercostal space,
midclavicular line in adults, and 4th intercostal space medial to the nipple in
Examination Technique for the Apical
children.
Pulse
If the apical impulse is more vigorous than expected, characterize it as a "heave"
or "lift." Pg 337
Grade I - Barely audible in quiet room
Grade II - Quiet but clearly audible
Grade III - Moderately loud
Grading of Heart Murmurs Grade IV - Loud, associated with thrill
Grade V - Very loud, thrill easily palpable
Grade VI - Very loud, audible with stethoscope not in contact with chest, thrill
palpable and visible
Carditis
Mitral or Aortic Valve becomes stenotic and regurgitant.
Chest Pain
Cardiac Examination Findings for Palpitations
Rheumatic Fever Murmurs of mitral regurgitation and aortic insufficiency
Cardiomegaly
Friction rub of pericarditis
Signs of CHF
Orthopnea - Difficulty Breathing While Lying Down
Platypnea - Shortness of breath is relieved when lying down or worsens when
Types of Shortness of Breath standing up
Tachypnea - Faster than 20 breaths per minute
Bradypnea - Slower than 12 breaths per
minute
Severe, acute chest pain.
Cocaine Use Findings in Heart and Lungs Tachycardia, HTN, Coronary Aterial Spasm (with Infarction), and pneumothorax
(lung collapse), with severe acute chest pain being the common result.
Records 2 basic events: depolarization, which is the spread of a stimulus through
the heart muscle, and the repolarization, which is the return of the stimulated
heart muscle to a resting state.
P Wave-spread of a stimulus through the atria (atrial depolarization)
PR interval-time from initial stimulation of the atria to initial stimulation of the
ventricles usually 0.12-0.20 second
QRS complex-the spread of a stimulus through the ventricles (ventricular
depolarization), less than 0.12 second
ECG
ST segment and T wave-the return of stimulated ventricular muscle to a resting
state (ventricular repolarization)
U wave-a small deflection rarely seen just after the T wave, thought to be related
to repolarization of the Purkinje fibers. They are commonly seen with bradycardia.
This is also seen sometimes with electrolyte abnormalities, hypothermia, and
hypothyroidism.
QT interval-the time elapsed from the onset of ventricular depolarization until
the completion of ventricular repolarization. The interval varies with the cardiac
rate.
Blood flows from the R atrium to the L atrium via the foramen ovale. The R
ventricle pumps blood through the patent ductus arteriosus rather thatn into the
lungs. The R and L ventricles are equal in weight and muscle mass because they
Arterial Blood Flow in Infants both pump blood into the systemic circulation. Chages at birth include closure of
the ductus arteriosus, usually within 24-48 hours, and the functional closure of the
interatrial foramen ovale as pressure rises in the left atrium. Failure to close is
more common in premature infants born before 30 weeks.
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7
AM
NURS 6512 FINAL EXAM REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Fever, Conjunctival Injection, Strawberry Tongue, and Edema of the Hands and
Examination Findings of a child Feet.
with Kawasaki disease
Lymphadenopathy and Polymorphous Nonvesicular Rashes.
Grading:
1+ Slight Pitting, no visible distortion, disappears rapidly.
2+ A Somewhat Deeper Pit than in 12+, but again no readily detectable distortion,
disappears in 10-15 seconds.
Peripheral Edema
3+ Noticeably Deep Pit that may last more than a minute; dependent extremity
looks fuller and swollen.
4+ Very Deep Pit that lasts as long as 2-5 min; dependent extremity is grossly
distorted.
Ammonia in breath odor Uremia (ammonia)
4+ Bounding
3+ Full, Increased
Grading of Pulses 2+ Expected
1+ Diminished, barely palpable
0 Absent, not palpable
Stage I - Viable - No sensory impairment - No motor impairment - Audible
Arterial Doppler Signal - Audible Venous Dopler Signal
Stage IIa - Marginally Threatened - Minimal Sensory Impairment - No Motor
Impairment - Often inaudible Arterial Doppler Signal - Audible Venous Doppler
Signal
Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI)
Stage IIb - Immediately Threatened - Rest Pain Sensory Impairment - Mild to
moderate Motor Impairment - Inaudible Arterial Doppler Signal - Audible Venous
Doppler Signal
Stage III - Irreversible - Anesthetic Sensory Impairment - Paralytic/rigor Motor
Impairment - Inaudible Arterial Doppler Signal - Inaudible Venous Doppler Signal
Site of Pain is Distal to the
Narrowing. Note:
Pulses (strong, weak or possibly absent)
Assessment for Peripheral Arterial Possible systolic bruits over the arteries that may extend through
Disease diastole. Loss of expected body warmth.
Localized pallor and cyanosis.
Collapsed superficial veins, with delay in venous filling.
Thin, atrophied skin; muscle atrophy.
With increasing cardiac output beginning in the 1st trimester, the pulse may
be more easily palpated, with an abrupt rise and rapid fall. With increasing
blood volume in the second trimester, jugular a and v waves may be easier to
Varicosity Findings In Pregnant Women
see. JVP should remain normal. Peripheral edema is a common finding as the
pregnancy
progresses. Varicose veins can develop during pregnancy and in the postpartum
period.
S1 - Closure of the mitral and tricuspid (AV) Valves, indicates the beginning of
systole. Best heard toward the apex.
S2 - Closure of the aortic and pulmonic (semilunar) Valves, indicates the end of
systole. Best heard in the aortic and pulmonic areas. Higher pitch and shorter
duration.
Heart Sounds
S3 - Best heard when the patient is in the left lateral decubitus (recumbent)
position. Ventricular Gallup - Ken-Tuck-Y
S4 - Most commonly heard in the older patients, but may be heard at any
age when there is increased resistance to filling because the ventricular walls
have lost compliance. Atrial Gallup - Ten-nes-see
1/
7
, 3/30/25, 7:34 NURS 6512 Final Exam Review |
AM
PMI Point of Maximal Impulse typically noted at the left 5th intercostal space,
midclavicular line in adults, and 4th intercostal space medial to the nipple in
Examination Technique for the Apical
children.
Pulse
If the apical impulse is more vigorous than expected, characterize it as a "heave"
or "lift." Pg 337
Grade I - Barely audible in quiet room
Grade II - Quiet but clearly audible
Grade III - Moderately loud
Grading of Heart Murmurs Grade IV - Loud, associated with thrill
Grade V - Very loud, thrill easily palpable
Grade VI - Very loud, audible with stethoscope not in contact with chest, thrill
palpable and visible
Carditis
Mitral or Aortic Valve becomes stenotic and regurgitant.
Chest Pain
Cardiac Examination Findings for Palpitations
Rheumatic Fever Murmurs of mitral regurgitation and aortic insufficiency
Cardiomegaly
Friction rub of pericarditis
Signs of CHF
Orthopnea - Difficulty Breathing While Lying Down
Platypnea - Shortness of breath is relieved when lying down or worsens when
Types of Shortness of Breath standing up
Tachypnea - Faster than 20 breaths per minute
Bradypnea - Slower than 12 breaths per
minute
Severe, acute chest pain.
Cocaine Use Findings in Heart and Lungs Tachycardia, HTN, Coronary Aterial Spasm (with Infarction), and pneumothorax
(lung collapse), with severe acute chest pain being the common result.
Records 2 basic events: depolarization, which is the spread of a stimulus through
the heart muscle, and the repolarization, which is the return of the stimulated
heart muscle to a resting state.
P Wave-spread of a stimulus through the atria (atrial depolarization)
PR interval-time from initial stimulation of the atria to initial stimulation of the
ventricles usually 0.12-0.20 second
QRS complex-the spread of a stimulus through the ventricles (ventricular
depolarization), less than 0.12 second
ECG
ST segment and T wave-the return of stimulated ventricular muscle to a resting
state (ventricular repolarization)
U wave-a small deflection rarely seen just after the T wave, thought to be related
to repolarization of the Purkinje fibers. They are commonly seen with bradycardia.
This is also seen sometimes with electrolyte abnormalities, hypothermia, and
hypothyroidism.
QT interval-the time elapsed from the onset of ventricular depolarization until
the completion of ventricular repolarization. The interval varies with the cardiac
rate.
Blood flows from the R atrium to the L atrium via the foramen ovale. The R
ventricle pumps blood through the patent ductus arteriosus rather thatn into the
lungs. The R and L ventricles are equal in weight and muscle mass because they
Arterial Blood Flow in Infants both pump blood into the systemic circulation. Chages at birth include closure of
the ductus arteriosus, usually within 24-48 hours, and the functional closure of the
interatrial foramen ovale as pressure rises in the left atrium. Failure to close is
more common in premature infants born before 30 weeks.
2/
7
