Pathophysiology Final Exam latest
update A+ graded and verified// 2025
with detailed questions and all correct
answers
What are the most common causes of burns in children? - CORRECT ANSWER
Scalding
What is scleroderma? - CORRECT ANSWER Hardening of the Skin
What is the 1st priority in caring for a burn patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Save the
Airway - keep it open!
Why do we get atopic dermatitis or eczema? - CORRECT ANSWER Allergic Reaction
to the Skin
What causes skin ulcers? - CORRECT ANSWER Pressure, Shearing Force/Friction,
Moisture
What are melanocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER Pigmented Skin
What is the treatment of choice with major burn injury? - CORRECT ANSWER Skin
Graphing
What type of shock do burn victims go into? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypovolemic Shock
- sudden loss of fluid
What is impetigo? - CORRECT ANSWER Crusty Infection due to Bacteria
What is the aim of burn wound management? - CORRECT ANSWER Infection Control
Autonomic Dysreflexia - CORRECT ANSWER Medical Emergency caused by
simultaneous sympathetic and parasympathetic activity (bowel or bladder distension
pain or a pressure ulcer)
What are S&S of Autonomic Dysreflexia? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertension,
Bradycardia, Severe Headaches, Pallor below and Flushing above the cord lesions,
Convulsions
What are the normal ranges for pH, HCO3, and CO2? - CORRECT ANSWER pH: 7.35
(acid) - 7.45 (base)
HCO3: 22 (acid) - 26 (base)
, CO2: 35 (base) - 45 (acid)
What is the major s&s that differentiates meningitis from encephalitis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Severe pain when moving the neck (extension/flexion) due to Inflamed
Meninges
What are the s&s of Vertigo? - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of balance, Nystagmus
(Rapid involuntary movements of the eyes)
How are eyes damaged in Diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertension causes
hemorrhage in the weak blood vessels
What are the s&s of compartment syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Pallor, Pain, No
Pulse, Paresthesia, Paresis (slight/partial paralysis)
How do you treat compartment syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Make cuts to relieve
the pressure
What are the different types of skin cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER Basal cell
carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, kaposi sarcome
What are the s&s of scleroderma? - CORRECT ANSWER Decreased skin turgour, hard
skin, hypopigmented skin, taut, shiny, difficulty moving fingers/joints
What is the main difference between viral pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia? -
CORRECT ANSWER Viral- Dry Cough
Bacterial - Cough Up Mucous/Phlegm
What happens to the lungs in ARDS? - CORRECT ANSWER Pulmonary Hypertension,
Oxygen has no effect on increasing the pulse-ox (hypoxemia), Atelectasis, Decreased
Tidal Volume, Vasoconstriction, Fibrosis of Aveoli
What are the s&s of COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER Fatigue, Dyspnea, Cough,
Hypoxemia, Hypercapnia (increased CO2), Cor pulmonale (right side heart failure),
SOB
What causes esophageal varices? - CORRECT ANSWER Portal Hypertension, Gastric
Acid Erosion
What are the s&s of Cushing's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Increased ACTH
(adrenocorticotropic hormone), Wt. Gain, Moon Face, Buffalo Hump, Hypertension,
Hyperglycemia, Decreased Potassium, Decreased Immune Function, Increased Sodium
Why can prolonged seizure activity cause brain damage? - CORRECT ANSWER
Tissue Ischemia, Damage to the Neurons
update A+ graded and verified// 2025
with detailed questions and all correct
answers
What are the most common causes of burns in children? - CORRECT ANSWER
Scalding
What is scleroderma? - CORRECT ANSWER Hardening of the Skin
What is the 1st priority in caring for a burn patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Save the
Airway - keep it open!
Why do we get atopic dermatitis or eczema? - CORRECT ANSWER Allergic Reaction
to the Skin
What causes skin ulcers? - CORRECT ANSWER Pressure, Shearing Force/Friction,
Moisture
What are melanocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER Pigmented Skin
What is the treatment of choice with major burn injury? - CORRECT ANSWER Skin
Graphing
What type of shock do burn victims go into? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypovolemic Shock
- sudden loss of fluid
What is impetigo? - CORRECT ANSWER Crusty Infection due to Bacteria
What is the aim of burn wound management? - CORRECT ANSWER Infection Control
Autonomic Dysreflexia - CORRECT ANSWER Medical Emergency caused by
simultaneous sympathetic and parasympathetic activity (bowel or bladder distension
pain or a pressure ulcer)
What are S&S of Autonomic Dysreflexia? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertension,
Bradycardia, Severe Headaches, Pallor below and Flushing above the cord lesions,
Convulsions
What are the normal ranges for pH, HCO3, and CO2? - CORRECT ANSWER pH: 7.35
(acid) - 7.45 (base)
HCO3: 22 (acid) - 26 (base)
, CO2: 35 (base) - 45 (acid)
What is the major s&s that differentiates meningitis from encephalitis? - CORRECT
ANSWER Severe pain when moving the neck (extension/flexion) due to Inflamed
Meninges
What are the s&s of Vertigo? - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of balance, Nystagmus
(Rapid involuntary movements of the eyes)
How are eyes damaged in Diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertension causes
hemorrhage in the weak blood vessels
What are the s&s of compartment syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Pallor, Pain, No
Pulse, Paresthesia, Paresis (slight/partial paralysis)
How do you treat compartment syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Make cuts to relieve
the pressure
What are the different types of skin cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER Basal cell
carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, kaposi sarcome
What are the s&s of scleroderma? - CORRECT ANSWER Decreased skin turgour, hard
skin, hypopigmented skin, taut, shiny, difficulty moving fingers/joints
What is the main difference between viral pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia? -
CORRECT ANSWER Viral- Dry Cough
Bacterial - Cough Up Mucous/Phlegm
What happens to the lungs in ARDS? - CORRECT ANSWER Pulmonary Hypertension,
Oxygen has no effect on increasing the pulse-ox (hypoxemia), Atelectasis, Decreased
Tidal Volume, Vasoconstriction, Fibrosis of Aveoli
What are the s&s of COPD? - CORRECT ANSWER Fatigue, Dyspnea, Cough,
Hypoxemia, Hypercapnia (increased CO2), Cor pulmonale (right side heart failure),
SOB
What causes esophageal varices? - CORRECT ANSWER Portal Hypertension, Gastric
Acid Erosion
What are the s&s of Cushing's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Increased ACTH
(adrenocorticotropic hormone), Wt. Gain, Moon Face, Buffalo Hump, Hypertension,
Hyperglycemia, Decreased Potassium, Decreased Immune Function, Increased Sodium
Why can prolonged seizure activity cause brain damage? - CORRECT ANSWER
Tissue Ischemia, Damage to the Neurons
