Campbell Biology Chapter 11
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_11g3fx
1. Gene Regulation: The turning on and off of genes
2. Gene Expression: The overall process by which genetic information flows from
genes to proteins
3. Promoter: A site where the transcription enzyme RNA polymerase attaches and
initiates transcription
4. Operator: A DNA control sequence
5. Operon: A cluster of genes with related functions
6. Repressor: A protein that functions by binding to the operator and physically
blocking the attachment of RNA polmerase to the promoter
7. Regulatory Gene: A gene located outside the operon, codes for the repressor
8. Activators: Proteins that turn operons on by binding to DNA
9. Differentiation: Cells becoming specialized in structure and function
10. Nucleosome: A bead consisting of DNA wound around a protein core of eight
histone molecules
11. Epigenetic Inheritance: Inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not
directly involving the nucleotide sequence
12. X Chromosome Inactivation: Initiated early in embryonic development when
one of the two X chromosomes in each cell is inactivated at random
13. Barr Body: The inactive X in each cell of a female condenses into a compact
object
14. Transcription Factors: Proteins used by eukaryotic RNA polymerase
15. Enhancers: DNA control sequences
16. Alternative RNA Splicing: An organism can produce more than one type of
polypeptide from a single gene
17. MicroRNAs (miRNAs): Can bind to complementary sequences on mRNA mol-
ecules
18. RNA Interference (RNAi): An RNA that can turn off expression of a gene with
a sequence that matches it
19. Homeotic Gene: Master control gene that regulates batteries of other genes
that actually determine the anatomy of parts of the body
20. DNA Microarray: A glass slide with tine amounts of thousands of different kinds
of single-stranded DNA fragments fixed to it in tiny wells in a tightly spaced array or
grid
21. Transduction Pathway: A series of molecular changes that converts a signal
on a target cell's surface to a specific response inside the cell
22. Clone: An organism produced through asexual reproduction from a single par-
ent
23. Regeneration: The regrowth of lost body parts
24. Nuclear Transplantation: A procedure used to clone animals
1/2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_11g3fx
1. Gene Regulation: The turning on and off of genes
2. Gene Expression: The overall process by which genetic information flows from
genes to proteins
3. Promoter: A site where the transcription enzyme RNA polymerase attaches and
initiates transcription
4. Operator: A DNA control sequence
5. Operon: A cluster of genes with related functions
6. Repressor: A protein that functions by binding to the operator and physically
blocking the attachment of RNA polmerase to the promoter
7. Regulatory Gene: A gene located outside the operon, codes for the repressor
8. Activators: Proteins that turn operons on by binding to DNA
9. Differentiation: Cells becoming specialized in structure and function
10. Nucleosome: A bead consisting of DNA wound around a protein core of eight
histone molecules
11. Epigenetic Inheritance: Inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not
directly involving the nucleotide sequence
12. X Chromosome Inactivation: Initiated early in embryonic development when
one of the two X chromosomes in each cell is inactivated at random
13. Barr Body: The inactive X in each cell of a female condenses into a compact
object
14. Transcription Factors: Proteins used by eukaryotic RNA polymerase
15. Enhancers: DNA control sequences
16. Alternative RNA Splicing: An organism can produce more than one type of
polypeptide from a single gene
17. MicroRNAs (miRNAs): Can bind to complementary sequences on mRNA mol-
ecules
18. RNA Interference (RNAi): An RNA that can turn off expression of a gene with
a sequence that matches it
19. Homeotic Gene: Master control gene that regulates batteries of other genes
that actually determine the anatomy of parts of the body
20. DNA Microarray: A glass slide with tine amounts of thousands of different kinds
of single-stranded DNA fragments fixed to it in tiny wells in a tightly spaced array or
grid
21. Transduction Pathway: A series of molecular changes that converts a signal
on a target cell's surface to a specific response inside the cell
22. Clone: An organism produced through asexual reproduction from a single par-
ent
23. Regeneration: The regrowth of lost body parts
24. Nuclear Transplantation: A procedure used to clone animals
1/2
