CHAPTER 01 – 4e
1 How did Clive Wearing acquire brain damage?
(A) Bike accident
(B) Car accident
(C) Encephalitis
(D) Syphilis
(E) Epilepsy
Answer: (C) Encephalitis
2 Which element of Clive Wearing’s memory remained relatively intact?
(A) Episodic memory formation
(B) Delayed recall
(C) Memory for music
(D) Associative memory encoding
(E) Declarative memory formation
Answer: (C) Memory for music
3 Who devised the concept of cognitive maps in rats?
(A) Edward Tolman
(B) Endel Tulving
(C) Herman Ebbinghaus
(D) Clark Hull
(E) Alan Baddeley
Answer: (A) Edward Tolman
4 From the highest to lowest, what is the correct order of these levels according to
reductionism?
(A) Social behavior, biochemistry, cognition, physics, physiology
(B) Cognition, social behavior, physiology, biochemistry, physics
(C) Social behavior, cognition, biochemistry, physiology, physics
(D) Physiology, biochemistry, cognition, social behavior, physics
(E) Social behavior, cognition, physiology, biochemistry, physics
Answer: (E) Social behavior, cognition, physiology, biochemistry, physics
5 Introspection refers to the capacity to do which of the following?
(A) Select a random sample
(B) Record from an individual neuron
(C) Reflect and report on ongoing thoughts
(D) Repress unwanted thoughts
(E) Formulate an animal model of memory
,CHAPTER 01 – 4e
Answer: (C) Reflect and report on ongoing thoughts
6 The attempt to systematically map the relationship between physical stimuli onto
mental phenomena like sensation and perception is most characteristic of which of the
following disciplines?
(A) Psychophysics
(B) Psychosis
(C) Psycholinguistics
(D) Psychoanalysis
(E) Psychosomatics
Answer: (A) Psychophysics
7 Who is credited as inventing what has come to be known as the nonsense syllable to
study memory experimentally?
(A) Hull
(B) Freud
(C) Piaget
(D) Ebbinghaus
(E) Tolman
Answer: (D) Ebbinghaus
8 Which branch of psychology, developed in 1930s Germany, largely applied ideas from
the study of perception to the understanding of human memory?
(A) Freudianism
(B) Behaviorism
(C) Gestalt
(D) Connectionism
(E) Phrenology
Answer: (C) Gestalt
9 Bartlett (1932) is famous for utilizing which of the following to study memory and the
rememberer’s “effort after meaning?”
(A) Nonsense syllables
(B) Folk tales
(C) Visual illusions
(D) Visual masks
(E) Placebos
Answer: (B) Folk tales
10 Who of the following is most associated with early information-processing accounts of
memory?
,CHAPTER 01 – 4e
(A) Bartlett
(B) Broadbent
(C) Tulving
(D) Hull
(E) Tolman
Answer: (B) Broadbent
11 What term refers to Bartlett’s idea of how our memories are structured?
(A) Schema
(B) Model
(C) Node
(D) Store
(E) Map
Answer: (A) Schema
12 Cognitive psychology is largely based on which of the following metaphors?
(A) Allocentric
(B) Egocentric
(C) Computer
(D) Blank slate
(E) Black box
Answer: (C) Computer
13 The modal model of memory assumed:
(A) Long-term memories cannot be retrieved into the short-term store
(B) A single memory system
(C) Only simple stimulus-response associations
(D) Memory cannot be studied empirically
(E) Sensory memory systems provide the interface between perception and memory
Answer: (E) Sensory memory systems provide the interface between perception and memory
14 Iconic memory is a key element of which memory system?
(A) Long-term
(B) Short-term
(C) Episodic
(D) Sensory
(E) Semantic
Answer: (D) Sensory
, CHAPTER 01 – 4e
15 Echoic memory refers to which sensory modality?
(A) Smell
(B) Vision
(C) Taste
(D) Hearing
(E) Extrasensory
Answer: (D) Hearing
16 According to Sperling (1960), how many items could people keep in sensory memory?
(A) Two or three
(B) Four or five
(C) Five or six
(D) Six or seven
(E) Eight or nine
Answer: (B) Four or five
17 According to Sperling (1963), What effect did bright lights during testing intervals have
on performance?
(A) Had no effect
(B) Increased capacity
(C) Increased accuracy
(D) Caused drowsiness
(E) Impaired performance
Answer: (E) Impaired performance
18 Which type of masking, studied by Turvey (1973), occurs when targets are followed by
a mask comprising of broadly similar features to the target?
(A) Deterministic
(B) Brightness
(C) Seismic
(D) Confirmation
(E) Pattern
Answer: (E) Pattern
19 With visual presentation of a series of digits, the likelihood of a memory error is
generally highest where in the list?
(A) It is constant throughout
(B) At the beginning
(C) In the middle
(D) At the end
1 How did Clive Wearing acquire brain damage?
(A) Bike accident
(B) Car accident
(C) Encephalitis
(D) Syphilis
(E) Epilepsy
Answer: (C) Encephalitis
2 Which element of Clive Wearing’s memory remained relatively intact?
(A) Episodic memory formation
(B) Delayed recall
(C) Memory for music
(D) Associative memory encoding
(E) Declarative memory formation
Answer: (C) Memory for music
3 Who devised the concept of cognitive maps in rats?
(A) Edward Tolman
(B) Endel Tulving
(C) Herman Ebbinghaus
(D) Clark Hull
(E) Alan Baddeley
Answer: (A) Edward Tolman
4 From the highest to lowest, what is the correct order of these levels according to
reductionism?
(A) Social behavior, biochemistry, cognition, physics, physiology
(B) Cognition, social behavior, physiology, biochemistry, physics
(C) Social behavior, cognition, biochemistry, physiology, physics
(D) Physiology, biochemistry, cognition, social behavior, physics
(E) Social behavior, cognition, physiology, biochemistry, physics
Answer: (E) Social behavior, cognition, physiology, biochemistry, physics
5 Introspection refers to the capacity to do which of the following?
(A) Select a random sample
(B) Record from an individual neuron
(C) Reflect and report on ongoing thoughts
(D) Repress unwanted thoughts
(E) Formulate an animal model of memory
,CHAPTER 01 – 4e
Answer: (C) Reflect and report on ongoing thoughts
6 The attempt to systematically map the relationship between physical stimuli onto
mental phenomena like sensation and perception is most characteristic of which of the
following disciplines?
(A) Psychophysics
(B) Psychosis
(C) Psycholinguistics
(D) Psychoanalysis
(E) Psychosomatics
Answer: (A) Psychophysics
7 Who is credited as inventing what has come to be known as the nonsense syllable to
study memory experimentally?
(A) Hull
(B) Freud
(C) Piaget
(D) Ebbinghaus
(E) Tolman
Answer: (D) Ebbinghaus
8 Which branch of psychology, developed in 1930s Germany, largely applied ideas from
the study of perception to the understanding of human memory?
(A) Freudianism
(B) Behaviorism
(C) Gestalt
(D) Connectionism
(E) Phrenology
Answer: (C) Gestalt
9 Bartlett (1932) is famous for utilizing which of the following to study memory and the
rememberer’s “effort after meaning?”
(A) Nonsense syllables
(B) Folk tales
(C) Visual illusions
(D) Visual masks
(E) Placebos
Answer: (B) Folk tales
10 Who of the following is most associated with early information-processing accounts of
memory?
,CHAPTER 01 – 4e
(A) Bartlett
(B) Broadbent
(C) Tulving
(D) Hull
(E) Tolman
Answer: (B) Broadbent
11 What term refers to Bartlett’s idea of how our memories are structured?
(A) Schema
(B) Model
(C) Node
(D) Store
(E) Map
Answer: (A) Schema
12 Cognitive psychology is largely based on which of the following metaphors?
(A) Allocentric
(B) Egocentric
(C) Computer
(D) Blank slate
(E) Black box
Answer: (C) Computer
13 The modal model of memory assumed:
(A) Long-term memories cannot be retrieved into the short-term store
(B) A single memory system
(C) Only simple stimulus-response associations
(D) Memory cannot be studied empirically
(E) Sensory memory systems provide the interface between perception and memory
Answer: (E) Sensory memory systems provide the interface between perception and memory
14 Iconic memory is a key element of which memory system?
(A) Long-term
(B) Short-term
(C) Episodic
(D) Sensory
(E) Semantic
Answer: (D) Sensory
, CHAPTER 01 – 4e
15 Echoic memory refers to which sensory modality?
(A) Smell
(B) Vision
(C) Taste
(D) Hearing
(E) Extrasensory
Answer: (D) Hearing
16 According to Sperling (1960), how many items could people keep in sensory memory?
(A) Two or three
(B) Four or five
(C) Five or six
(D) Six or seven
(E) Eight or nine
Answer: (B) Four or five
17 According to Sperling (1963), What effect did bright lights during testing intervals have
on performance?
(A) Had no effect
(B) Increased capacity
(C) Increased accuracy
(D) Caused drowsiness
(E) Impaired performance
Answer: (E) Impaired performance
18 Which type of masking, studied by Turvey (1973), occurs when targets are followed by
a mask comprising of broadly similar features to the target?
(A) Deterministic
(B) Brightness
(C) Seismic
(D) Confirmation
(E) Pattern
Answer: (E) Pattern
19 With visual presentation of a series of digits, the likelihood of a memory error is
generally highest where in the list?
(A) It is constant throughout
(B) At the beginning
(C) In the middle
(D) At the end
