NURS 5315 Test 2 Mod 3
5 Steps in Inflammatory Process - ANS-1. mast cell degranulation
2. activation of coagulation cascade
3. activation of kinin cascade
4. release of chemotactic factors
5. activation of complement cascade
\5 types of immunity - ANS-1. Natural (Innate resistance)
2. Active Acquired
3. Passive Acquired
4. Humoral
5. Cell-mediated
\Active Acquired Immunity - ANS-Produced by host after exposure to an antigen (basis of
vaccinations)
\Aging and the immune system - ANS-- Immune function decreases with age
- After age 60, t-cell activity decreases
- Middle age - thymus only 15% of max size which results in decreased t-cell differentiation
- T-cell #'s do not decrease with age
- B cells produce less antibodies in response to invading antigen
- Decreased amount of memory B cells
- Increased circulation of autoantibodies
\Allergen (def) - ANS-Antigen that induces allergic response
\Allergic Immune response
Type I - immediate hypersensitivity
Clinical Manifestations - ANS-- dependent on route allergen entered body
- urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma
\Allergic Immune response
Type I - immediate hypersensitivity
Etiology - ANS-attributed to allergies to environmental allergen
\Allergic Immune response
Type I - immediate hypersensitivity
Pathophysiology - ANS-1. Reaction occurs in minutes to hours of initial exposure
2. IgE binds with allergen (primes stage for later reaction)
3. Upon reexposure, the allergen binds with previous antigen IgE complex
4. Mast cell detects complex and begins to degranulate
5. Mast cell degranulation releases histamine and triggers inflammatory cascade
\Alloimmunity (def) - ANS-occurs when person mounts immune response to another member
of same species antigens/tissues (ABO incompatability)
\Antigen (def) - ANS-describes a molecule that can reach with binding sites on antibodies or
antigen receptors on B&T cells
\Autoimmunity (def) - ANS-develops from igniting event in person genetically predisposed to
autoimmunity which results in immune system mounting response against one's own cells
(rheumatoid arthritis)
\B-lymphocytes in immune response - ANS-stimulated by release of IL4, differentiate into
plasma cells that produce antibodies and memory B cells
, \B-lymphocytes role in processing antigens - ANS-"professional" process soluble antigens
and present to T-helpers to facilitate development of humoral immune response
\Bone marrow function in immune system - ANS-Responsible for production of immune cells
and the maturation of B cells
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
contactants - poison ivy, metals - ANS-- Type IV sensitivity
- contact dermatitis
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
Ingestants - Drugs - ANS-- Type I, II and III sensitivity
- urticaria, immediate drug reaction, hemolytic anemia, serum sickness
\Causes of Clinical manifestations of allergy
Ingestants - Foods - ANS-- Type I sensitivity
- GI allergy
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
Inhalants - pollens, molds, dust - ANS-- Type I sensitivity
- allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
Injectants - bee venom - ANS-- Type I sensitivity
- anaphylaxis
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
injectants - drugs - ANS-- Type I, II, III sensitivity
- immediate drug reaction, hemolytic anemia, serum sickness
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
Injectants - Serum - ANS-- Type I, III sensitivity
- anaphylaxis, serum sickness
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
Injectants - vaccines - ANS-- Type III sensitivity
- localized arthus reaction
\Cell-mediated Immunity - ANS-conferred by T-cells; active against cells infected with IC
bacteria or virues; responsible for organ transplantation rejection
\Chemotactic factors
Role and Function in Inflammatory process - ANS-Released factors attract neutrophils,
eosinophils, and monocytes that produce phagocytosis; will eventually die and rupture
releasing IC contents; triggers acute phase reactants
\Coagulation Cascade
Role and Function in Inflammatory process - ANS-Role in activating kinin system; Factor XII
(Hageman) activates kinin; ultimate function is to form a fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and
trap microorganisms
\Communicability (def) - ANS-Ability to spread from one individual to others and cause
disease (measles is easy, HIV is hard)
\Complement
Role and Function in Inflammatory process - ANS-Functions include: bacterial lysis,
vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability; triggers mast cell degranulation,
chemotaxis and opsonization
\Convalescence (def) - ANS-Characterized by containment on infection, resolution of clinical
manifestations
\Cytokines
5 Steps in Inflammatory Process - ANS-1. mast cell degranulation
2. activation of coagulation cascade
3. activation of kinin cascade
4. release of chemotactic factors
5. activation of complement cascade
\5 types of immunity - ANS-1. Natural (Innate resistance)
2. Active Acquired
3. Passive Acquired
4. Humoral
5. Cell-mediated
\Active Acquired Immunity - ANS-Produced by host after exposure to an antigen (basis of
vaccinations)
\Aging and the immune system - ANS-- Immune function decreases with age
- After age 60, t-cell activity decreases
- Middle age - thymus only 15% of max size which results in decreased t-cell differentiation
- T-cell #'s do not decrease with age
- B cells produce less antibodies in response to invading antigen
- Decreased amount of memory B cells
- Increased circulation of autoantibodies
\Allergen (def) - ANS-Antigen that induces allergic response
\Allergic Immune response
Type I - immediate hypersensitivity
Clinical Manifestations - ANS-- dependent on route allergen entered body
- urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma
\Allergic Immune response
Type I - immediate hypersensitivity
Etiology - ANS-attributed to allergies to environmental allergen
\Allergic Immune response
Type I - immediate hypersensitivity
Pathophysiology - ANS-1. Reaction occurs in minutes to hours of initial exposure
2. IgE binds with allergen (primes stage for later reaction)
3. Upon reexposure, the allergen binds with previous antigen IgE complex
4. Mast cell detects complex and begins to degranulate
5. Mast cell degranulation releases histamine and triggers inflammatory cascade
\Alloimmunity (def) - ANS-occurs when person mounts immune response to another member
of same species antigens/tissues (ABO incompatability)
\Antigen (def) - ANS-describes a molecule that can reach with binding sites on antibodies or
antigen receptors on B&T cells
\Autoimmunity (def) - ANS-develops from igniting event in person genetically predisposed to
autoimmunity which results in immune system mounting response against one's own cells
(rheumatoid arthritis)
\B-lymphocytes in immune response - ANS-stimulated by release of IL4, differentiate into
plasma cells that produce antibodies and memory B cells
, \B-lymphocytes role in processing antigens - ANS-"professional" process soluble antigens
and present to T-helpers to facilitate development of humoral immune response
\Bone marrow function in immune system - ANS-Responsible for production of immune cells
and the maturation of B cells
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
contactants - poison ivy, metals - ANS-- Type IV sensitivity
- contact dermatitis
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
Ingestants - Drugs - ANS-- Type I, II and III sensitivity
- urticaria, immediate drug reaction, hemolytic anemia, serum sickness
\Causes of Clinical manifestations of allergy
Ingestants - Foods - ANS-- Type I sensitivity
- GI allergy
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
Inhalants - pollens, molds, dust - ANS-- Type I sensitivity
- allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
Injectants - bee venom - ANS-- Type I sensitivity
- anaphylaxis
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
injectants - drugs - ANS-- Type I, II, III sensitivity
- immediate drug reaction, hemolytic anemia, serum sickness
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
Injectants - Serum - ANS-- Type I, III sensitivity
- anaphylaxis, serum sickness
\Causes of clinical manifestations of allergy
Injectants - vaccines - ANS-- Type III sensitivity
- localized arthus reaction
\Cell-mediated Immunity - ANS-conferred by T-cells; active against cells infected with IC
bacteria or virues; responsible for organ transplantation rejection
\Chemotactic factors
Role and Function in Inflammatory process - ANS-Released factors attract neutrophils,
eosinophils, and monocytes that produce phagocytosis; will eventually die and rupture
releasing IC contents; triggers acute phase reactants
\Coagulation Cascade
Role and Function in Inflammatory process - ANS-Role in activating kinin system; Factor XII
(Hageman) activates kinin; ultimate function is to form a fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and
trap microorganisms
\Communicability (def) - ANS-Ability to spread from one individual to others and cause
disease (measles is easy, HIV is hard)
\Complement
Role and Function in Inflammatory process - ANS-Functions include: bacterial lysis,
vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability; triggers mast cell degranulation,
chemotaxis and opsonization
\Convalescence (def) - ANS-Characterized by containment on infection, resolution of clinical
manifestations
\Cytokines
