Applied Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Midterm 522 Rush Exam actual questions
with verified complete detailed verified
solutions latest update 2025
The conceptual definition of a variable:
a. Explains what the variable means.
b. Specifies how a variable should be measured.
c. Describes the standards for measuring a variable.
d. Specifies the precision of the measurements. --- correct precise
answers ---a. Explains what the variable means
Conceptual Definitions --- correct precise answers ---*Defines the
variable*; dictionary definition
Operational Definitions --- correct precise answers ---Specifies how
variable is measured; describes *operations used to obtain
measurement*
,The dependent variable is:
a. The intervention being studied.
b. The outcome variable.
c. The variable manipulated by the researcher.
d. A characteristic of the person being studied. --- correct precise
answers ---b. The outcome variable
Independent Variable --- correct precise answers ---Manipulated in a
study to see if it affects the outcome(s) being studied
Intervention/treatment
Usually only 1
Effects/causes the outcome of interest
T/F: A study can have more than one dependent (outcome) variable. --
- correct precise answers ---True
,Dependent Variable --- correct precise answers ---
*Outcome*/response variable(s)
Can be more than 1
Caused by independent variable
T/F: The reliability of a weight measurement obtained with an
electronic scale refers to the accuracy of the measurement. --- correct
precise answers ---False
Testing a new piece of equipment to ensure that the equipment
consistently provides that same measurement when the same variable
is measured multiple times is an example of
a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Accuracy
d. All of the above --- correct precise answers ---b. Reliability
, Reliability --- correct precise answers ---Refers to the *repeatability
or reproducibility* of the measurements
Validity --- correct precise answers ---Is about the *accuracy* of data
Addresses whether the measurement truly measures the variable of
interest
Two types of Categorical Data --- correct precise answers ---
*Nominal* (named categories) and *Ordinal* (ranked categories)
Nominal Data --- correct precise answers ---Data classified into
categories with names
ex. race, gender, ethnicity, relationship status, disease status,
consent, y/n, blood type
Ordinal Data --- correct precise answers ---Categories that have an
order/rank to them
ex. grades A,B,C,D,F; pain level, education level, cancer stages
Midterm 522 Rush Exam actual questions
with verified complete detailed verified
solutions latest update 2025
The conceptual definition of a variable:
a. Explains what the variable means.
b. Specifies how a variable should be measured.
c. Describes the standards for measuring a variable.
d. Specifies the precision of the measurements. --- correct precise
answers ---a. Explains what the variable means
Conceptual Definitions --- correct precise answers ---*Defines the
variable*; dictionary definition
Operational Definitions --- correct precise answers ---Specifies how
variable is measured; describes *operations used to obtain
measurement*
,The dependent variable is:
a. The intervention being studied.
b. The outcome variable.
c. The variable manipulated by the researcher.
d. A characteristic of the person being studied. --- correct precise
answers ---b. The outcome variable
Independent Variable --- correct precise answers ---Manipulated in a
study to see if it affects the outcome(s) being studied
Intervention/treatment
Usually only 1
Effects/causes the outcome of interest
T/F: A study can have more than one dependent (outcome) variable. --
- correct precise answers ---True
,Dependent Variable --- correct precise answers ---
*Outcome*/response variable(s)
Can be more than 1
Caused by independent variable
T/F: The reliability of a weight measurement obtained with an
electronic scale refers to the accuracy of the measurement. --- correct
precise answers ---False
Testing a new piece of equipment to ensure that the equipment
consistently provides that same measurement when the same variable
is measured multiple times is an example of
a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Accuracy
d. All of the above --- correct precise answers ---b. Reliability
, Reliability --- correct precise answers ---Refers to the *repeatability
or reproducibility* of the measurements
Validity --- correct precise answers ---Is about the *accuracy* of data
Addresses whether the measurement truly measures the variable of
interest
Two types of Categorical Data --- correct precise answers ---
*Nominal* (named categories) and *Ordinal* (ranked categories)
Nominal Data --- correct precise answers ---Data classified into
categories with names
ex. race, gender, ethnicity, relationship status, disease status,
consent, y/n, blood type
Ordinal Data --- correct precise answers ---Categories that have an
order/rank to them
ex. grades A,B,C,D,F; pain level, education level, cancer stages
