UTA Nurs 5315 Mod 6 Dr. Gonzalez Exam with Correct Answers 2024/2025

UTA Nurs 5315 Mod 6 Dr. Gonzalez Exam with Correct Answers 2024 Minute Ventilation is a ___________ - Answer -Measure of how effective ventilation is RR x volume of air per breath Alveolar ventilation an only be assessed by measuring a __________ - Answer -PaCO2 The ________ and the _____________ are located in the medulla and are responsible for controlling breathing patterns - Answer -Dorsal respiratory group (DRG) Ventral respiratory group (VRG) Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located that monitor ? - Answer -aorta and carotid arteries pH and PaO2 levels What is compliance used to describe? - Answer -how easily the lungs and chest wall can be stretched ________ compliance means that the lungs and chest wall are difficult to inflate - Answer -decreased Compliance ______ with COPD - Answer -increases What are 4 things in which you would see decreased compliance? - Answer -- acute respiratory distress syndrome - pneumonia - pulmonary edema - pulmonary fibrosis In normal physiology, the airway resistance is normally very ____ - Answer -Low bronchoconstriction naturally ____________________ - Answer -increases airway resistance caused by smooth muscles of PNS _____ distribution of ventilation and perfusion is required for effective gas exchange - Answer -Equal The bases of the lungs are better perfused when in the _________________. - Answer -upright position Ventilation is greater than perfusion in the _____ - Answer -apices (very top) Perfusion is greater than ventilation in the _____ - Answer -bases of the lungsWhat is the ventilation perfusion ratio? - Answer -the relationship between ventilation and perfusion -normal ratio is 0.8=amount by which perfusion exceeds ventilation What is V/Q mismatch? - Answer -Ideally, ventilation is matched to perfusion in order for adequate gas exchange. (normally with exercise V/Q approaches 1) - imbalance in ventilation and perfusion of the alveoli Apex of lung, V/Q = 3 (wasted ventilation) Base of lung, V/Q = 0.6 (wasted perfusion) *Both ventilation and perfusion are greater at the base of the lung* V/Q = 0 -- airway obstruction/shunt physiology (100% O2 does not improve PO2) PO2 - 40 PCO2 - 46 **Shunt physiology refers to an area of lung that is perfused with blood, but not receiving adequate ventilation -- thus the blood returning to the arterial system is not oxygenated** V/Q = infinity -- blood flow obstruction (Pulmonary Embolism PE) (assuming 100% physiologic dead space -- 100% O2 improves PO2 PO2 - 150 PCO2 - 0 What does a low V/Q ratio mean? - Answer -- no ventilation but good perfusion -- atelectasis, pneumonia and mucus plugs -- alveoli are collapsed- perfusion exceeds ventilation What does a high V/Q ratio mean? - Answer -- dead space exists - ventilation exceeds perfusion - gas is in the alveoli but there is no blood flow - generally from pulm embolus and cardiogenic shock - prevention of blood flow through the pulmonary caps.