,PERSONALITY DISORDERS NCLEX EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 220 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
Personality - (ANSWER)an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
free association - (ANSWER)in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the
person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.
psychoanalysis - (ANSWER)Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to
unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking
to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
unconscious - (ANSWER)according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes,
feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we
are unaware
id - (ANSWER)contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to
satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. It operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate
gratification
ego - (ANSWER)the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud,
mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. It operates on the reality principle,
satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
superego - (ANSWER)the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals
and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations
psychosexual stages - (ANSWER)the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency,
genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct
erogenous zones
,Oedipus complex - (ANSWER)according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings
of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
identification - (ANSWER)the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents'
values into their developing superegos
fixation - (ANSWER)according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier
psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved
defense mechanism - (ANSWER)in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing
anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
repression - (ANSWER)in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-
arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
regression - (ANSWER)a defense mechanism in which you flee from reality by assuming a more
infantile state where some psychic energy remains fixated
reaction formation - (ANSWER)psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously
switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the
opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings.
projection - (ANSWER)psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own
threatening impulses by attributing them to others
rationalization - (ANSWER)defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the
real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions
displacement - (ANSWER)psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses
toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a
safer outlet
, projective test - (ANSWER)a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous
stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - (ANSWER)a projective test in which people express their inner
feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
Rorschach inkblot test - (ANSWER)the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed
by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of
the blots
sublimation - (ANSWER)modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct (especially a sexual
or aggressive one) to one that is socially acceptable
Sigmund Freud - (ANSWER)the "father of psychoanalysis"
Humanistic perspective - (ANSWER)approach to personality theory formed by Rogers and Maslow;
emphasizes innate goodness and the need for growth
self-actualization - (ANSWER)according to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after
basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill
one's potential
Abraham Maslow - (ANSWER)humanistic psychologist known for the concept of self-actualization and
his "hierarchy of needs" model
Carl Rogers - (ANSWER)humanistic psychologist known for developing client-centered (or "person-
centered") therapy; emphasized genuineness, acceptance, and empathy
unconditional positive regard - (ANSWER)according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward
another person
self-concept - (ANSWER)all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question,
"Who am I?"
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
Personality - (ANSWER)an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
free association - (ANSWER)in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the
person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.
psychoanalysis - (ANSWER)Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to
unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking
to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
unconscious - (ANSWER)according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes,
feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we
are unaware
id - (ANSWER)contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to
satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. It operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate
gratification
ego - (ANSWER)the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud,
mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. It operates on the reality principle,
satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
superego - (ANSWER)the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals
and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations
psychosexual stages - (ANSWER)the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency,
genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct
erogenous zones
,Oedipus complex - (ANSWER)according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings
of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
identification - (ANSWER)the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents'
values into their developing superegos
fixation - (ANSWER)according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier
psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved
defense mechanism - (ANSWER)in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing
anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
repression - (ANSWER)in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-
arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
regression - (ANSWER)a defense mechanism in which you flee from reality by assuming a more
infantile state where some psychic energy remains fixated
reaction formation - (ANSWER)psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously
switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the
opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings.
projection - (ANSWER)psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own
threatening impulses by attributing them to others
rationalization - (ANSWER)defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the
real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions
displacement - (ANSWER)psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses
toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a
safer outlet
, projective test - (ANSWER)a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous
stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - (ANSWER)a projective test in which people express their inner
feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
Rorschach inkblot test - (ANSWER)the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed
by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of
the blots
sublimation - (ANSWER)modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct (especially a sexual
or aggressive one) to one that is socially acceptable
Sigmund Freud - (ANSWER)the "father of psychoanalysis"
Humanistic perspective - (ANSWER)approach to personality theory formed by Rogers and Maslow;
emphasizes innate goodness and the need for growth
self-actualization - (ANSWER)according to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after
basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill
one's potential
Abraham Maslow - (ANSWER)humanistic psychologist known for the concept of self-actualization and
his "hierarchy of needs" model
Carl Rogers - (ANSWER)humanistic psychologist known for developing client-centered (or "person-
centered") therapy; emphasized genuineness, acceptance, and empathy
unconditional positive regard - (ANSWER)according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward
another person
self-concept - (ANSWER)all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question,
"Who am I?"
