STUDYSAGE
NR565 Pharmacology EXAM |
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
WITH UPDATED ANSWERS
latest 2025
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Face is pale,
puffy, and expressionless.
Skin is cold and dry.
hair is brittle, and hair loss occurs.
Heart rate and temperature are lowered. The patient lethargy, fatigue, and
intolerance to cold.
Mentation may be impaired.
Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Heart Rate is
Rapid; Possible arrhythmia/angina
Nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow, and rapid speech
Skeletal muscles may weaken and atrophy
Metabolic rate is raised, resulting in increased heat production, increased body
temperature, intolerance to heat, and skin that is warm and moist
Weight loss occurs if caloric intake fails to match the increase in metabolic rate
Severe hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔M
️ yxedema
Hypothyroid Treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Levothyroxine is the drug of
choice for most patients who require thyroid hormone replacement.
SUCCESS
,STUDYSAGE
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) Therapeutic Goal - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Resolution
of signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism and restoration of normal laboratory
values for serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4).
Major forms of hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Graves disease and
toxic nodular goiter (also known as Plummer disease).
Graves’ Disease - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Most common cause of excessive
thyroid hormone secretion
What adjunctive therapy is good to prescribe to control symptoms of
hyperthyroidism other than thyroid specific medications? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✔️✔️β-Blockers and nonradioactive iodine may be used as adjunctive
therapy.
β-Blockers suppress tachycardia by blocking β-receptors on the heart.
Nonradioactive iodine inhibits synthesis and release of thyroid hormones.
Monitoring needs and intervals for Levothyroxine - CORRECT
ANSWERS✔️✔️Check TSH 6-8 weeks after initiating therapy and after any dosage
change.
Check TSH at least once a year after serum TSH is stabilized.
Hyperthyroid Treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔e️ thionamide drugs—
methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)—suppress synthesis of thyroid
hormones.
SUCCESS
,STUDYSAGE
Methimazole Therapeutic Goal - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️(1) reduction of thyroid
hormone production in Graves' disease, (2) control of hyperthyroidism until the
effects of radiation on the thyroid become manifest, (3) suppression of thyroid
hormone production before subtotal thyroidectomy, (4) treatment of thyrotoxic
crisis.
Monitoring needs and intervals for Methimazole - CORRECT
ANSWERS✔️✔️Check CBC with differential if signs or symptoms of infection.
Check LFTs if signs or symptoms of liver dysfunction.
High Risk Patients for Methimazole - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Should be avoided
in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Methimazole Toxicity - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Agranulocytosis is the most
dangerous toxicity.
PTU High Risk Warning - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Carries a risk for liver toxicity.
Although rare, the FDA recommends against using as a first-line treatment due to
potential for hepatic toxicity.
Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on offspring and appropriate patient teaching
related to need for treatment. - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Can cause delay in
mental development and derangement of growth. In the absence of thyroid
hormones, the child develops a large and protruding tongue, potbelly, and
dwarfish stature. Development of the nervous system, bones, teeth, and muscles
is impaired.
SUCCESS
, STUDYSAGE
Congenital Hypothyroidism Treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️requires
replacement therapy with thyroid hormones. If treatment is initiated within a few
days of birth, physical and mental development will be normal.
replacement therapy should continue for 3 years, after which it should be
stopped for 4 weeks to determine whether thyroid deficiency is permanent or
transient.
Patient Teaching for Methimazole - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Tell your
healthcare providers that you are taking this drug.
Check blood work as directed.
Taking this drug may cause harm to the unborn baby if you are pregnant,
especially in the first trimester.
If you are pregnant or become pregnant while taking this drug, call your
healthcare provider right away.
Tell your healthcare provider if you are breast-feeding to discuss risks to the baby.
Have your baby's thyroid checked if you are using this drug and breast-feeding.
Agranulocytosis is the most dangerous toxicity risk for this medication but is very
rare. Sore throat and fever should be reported immediately.
Patient Teaching for Levothyroxine - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️works best if you
take it on an empty stomach, 30 to 60 minutes before breakfast.
take the medicine at the same time each day.
Ideal HbA1C goal for diabetic, non-pregnant adults - CORRECT
ANSWERS✔️✔️less than 7%.
SUCCESS
NR565 Pharmacology EXAM |
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
WITH UPDATED ANSWERS
latest 2025
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Face is pale,
puffy, and expressionless.
Skin is cold and dry.
hair is brittle, and hair loss occurs.
Heart rate and temperature are lowered. The patient lethargy, fatigue, and
intolerance to cold.
Mentation may be impaired.
Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Heart Rate is
Rapid; Possible arrhythmia/angina
Nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow, and rapid speech
Skeletal muscles may weaken and atrophy
Metabolic rate is raised, resulting in increased heat production, increased body
temperature, intolerance to heat, and skin that is warm and moist
Weight loss occurs if caloric intake fails to match the increase in metabolic rate
Severe hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔M
️ yxedema
Hypothyroid Treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Levothyroxine is the drug of
choice for most patients who require thyroid hormone replacement.
SUCCESS
,STUDYSAGE
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) Therapeutic Goal - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Resolution
of signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism and restoration of normal laboratory
values for serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4).
Major forms of hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Graves disease and
toxic nodular goiter (also known as Plummer disease).
Graves’ Disease - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Most common cause of excessive
thyroid hormone secretion
What adjunctive therapy is good to prescribe to control symptoms of
hyperthyroidism other than thyroid specific medications? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✔️✔️β-Blockers and nonradioactive iodine may be used as adjunctive
therapy.
β-Blockers suppress tachycardia by blocking β-receptors on the heart.
Nonradioactive iodine inhibits synthesis and release of thyroid hormones.
Monitoring needs and intervals for Levothyroxine - CORRECT
ANSWERS✔️✔️Check TSH 6-8 weeks after initiating therapy and after any dosage
change.
Check TSH at least once a year after serum TSH is stabilized.
Hyperthyroid Treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔e️ thionamide drugs—
methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)—suppress synthesis of thyroid
hormones.
SUCCESS
,STUDYSAGE
Methimazole Therapeutic Goal - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️(1) reduction of thyroid
hormone production in Graves' disease, (2) control of hyperthyroidism until the
effects of radiation on the thyroid become manifest, (3) suppression of thyroid
hormone production before subtotal thyroidectomy, (4) treatment of thyrotoxic
crisis.
Monitoring needs and intervals for Methimazole - CORRECT
ANSWERS✔️✔️Check CBC with differential if signs or symptoms of infection.
Check LFTs if signs or symptoms of liver dysfunction.
High Risk Patients for Methimazole - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Should be avoided
in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Methimazole Toxicity - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Agranulocytosis is the most
dangerous toxicity.
PTU High Risk Warning - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Carries a risk for liver toxicity.
Although rare, the FDA recommends against using as a first-line treatment due to
potential for hepatic toxicity.
Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on offspring and appropriate patient teaching
related to need for treatment. - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Can cause delay in
mental development and derangement of growth. In the absence of thyroid
hormones, the child develops a large and protruding tongue, potbelly, and
dwarfish stature. Development of the nervous system, bones, teeth, and muscles
is impaired.
SUCCESS
, STUDYSAGE
Congenital Hypothyroidism Treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️requires
replacement therapy with thyroid hormones. If treatment is initiated within a few
days of birth, physical and mental development will be normal.
replacement therapy should continue for 3 years, after which it should be
stopped for 4 weeks to determine whether thyroid deficiency is permanent or
transient.
Patient Teaching for Methimazole - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Tell your
healthcare providers that you are taking this drug.
Check blood work as directed.
Taking this drug may cause harm to the unborn baby if you are pregnant,
especially in the first trimester.
If you are pregnant or become pregnant while taking this drug, call your
healthcare provider right away.
Tell your healthcare provider if you are breast-feeding to discuss risks to the baby.
Have your baby's thyroid checked if you are using this drug and breast-feeding.
Agranulocytosis is the most dangerous toxicity risk for this medication but is very
rare. Sore throat and fever should be reported immediately.
Patient Teaching for Levothyroxine - CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️works best if you
take it on an empty stomach, 30 to 60 minutes before breakfast.
take the medicine at the same time each day.
Ideal HbA1C goal for diabetic, non-pregnant adults - CORRECT
ANSWERS✔️✔️less than 7%.
SUCCESS
