NUR 529 Exam 3 Questions And Revised Correct answers
What is the gut microflora? - correct answer A diverse bacterial community in the gut.
What are the major functions of the gut microflora? - correct answer Metabolic activities,
trophic effects, and protection against pathogens.
Why do the stomach and small intestine contain only a few species of bacteria? - correct
answer Due to acidic and propulsive luminal contents.
What factors influence the colonization of the GI tract? - correct answer Passage through birth
canal, diet, neonatal care, stress, pH, and immunologic status.
What is the major metabolic function of colonic microflora? - correct answer Fermentation of
undigestible dietary residue and endogenous mucus.
What is the role of colonic microorganisms in vitamin synthesis? - correct answer They
synthesize vitamin K.
What is the source of energy in the colon? - correct answer Fermentation of nondigestible
carbohydrates.
What nutrients are absorbed by colonic microorganisms? - correct answer Calcium,
magnesium, and iron.
What is resident gut flora? - correct answer Endogenous microbes in gut
What is colonization resistance? - correct answer Protection against exogenous microbes
What does gut flora restrict? - correct answer Opportunistic bacteria growth
What is the primary treatment for celiac disease? - correct answer Removal of gluten from the
diet.
What is gluten? - correct answer The primary protein in wheat, barley, and rye.
Can oat products be consumed by individuals with celiac disease? - correct answer Yes, as long
as they are not contaminated with wheat during processing.
What types of food are free of gluten? - correct answer Meats, vegetables, fruits, and dairy
products.
What is the result of complete exclusion of dietary gluten? - correct answer Rapid and
complete healing of the intestinal mucosa.
What is acute gastritis? - correct answer Acute mucosal inflammation in the stomach.
What are the symptoms of acute gastritis? - correct answer Emesis, pain, hemorrhage, and
ulceration.
,NUR 529 Exam 3 Questions And Revised Correct answers
What causes acute gastritis? - correct answer Local irritants such as aspirin, NSAIDs, alcohol, or
bacterial toxins.
What can complicate acute hemorrhagic gastritis? - correct answer Oral administration of
corticosteroids.
What is bilirubin? - correct answer Final product of heme breakdown in RBCs
What gives bile its color? - correct answer Bilirubin
What is free bilirubin? - correct answer Insoluble bilirubin attached to plasma albumin
What is conjugated bilirubin? - correct answer Soluble bilirubin in bile
Where is free bilirubin converted to conjugated bilirubin? - correct answer Inside hepatocytes
What happens to conjugated bilirubin? - correct answer Secreted as a constituent of bile
What happens to bilirubin in the small intestine? - correct answer Half is converted to
urobilinogen by intestinal flora
What happens to urobilinogen produced in the intestine? - correct answer Half is absorbed into
portal circulation, remaining excreted in feces
What happens to absorbed urobilinogen? - correct answer Returned to liver to be reexcreted
into bile
What is the role of hepatocytes in bilirubin metabolism? - correct answer Convert free bilirubin
to conjugated bilirubin
What is the fate of bilirubin after it is secreted as a constituent of bile? - correct answer Passes
through bile ducts into small intestine
What is the function of bile? - correct answer Digestion of dietary fats and absorption of fats
and fat-soluble vitamins from the intestine.
What are the components of bile? - correct answer Water, bile salts, bilirubin, cholesterol, and
certain by-products of metabolism.
What is the importance of bile salts in digestion? - correct answer They aid in emulsifying
dietary fats and are necessary for the formation of micelles that transport fatty acids and fat-
soluble vitamins to the surface of the intestinal mucosa for absorption.
What is the enterohepatic circulation? - correct answer The system for the recirculation of bile
involving multiple components such as the liver, biliary tract, gallbladder, portal venous
circulation, small intestine, colon, and kidneys.
, NUR 529 Exam 3 Questions And Revised Correct answers
What is the role of the distal ileum in the enterohepatic circulation? - correct answer Greater
than 90% of bile salts that enter the intestine are reabsorbed into the portal circulation by an
active transport process that takes place in the distal ileum.
How many times do bile salts travel the entire circuit before being expelled in the feces? -
correct answer Normally, bile salts travel this entire circuit approximately 17 times before being
expelled in the feces.
What is the main component of bile salts? - correct answer Cholesterol.
What are common routes of transmission for hepatitis A? - correct answer Contaminated
milk/water, shellfish from infected waters.
Who is at special risk for hepatitis A? - correct answer People traveling abroad who have not
been exposed.
Why do young children play an important role in the spread of hepatitis A? - correct answer
They are often asymptomatic.
What promotes viral infection among children attending preschool day care centers? - correct
answer Oral behavior and lack of toilet training.
How is hepatitis B usually transmitted? - correct answer Inoculation with infected blood/serum.
Where can the viral antigen for hepatitis B be found? - correct answer Most body secretions.
Who is at high risk for hepatitis B in the United States? - correct answer Injecting drug users,
heterosexuals with multiple sex partners, men who have sex with men.
Why are health care workers at risk for hepatitis B? - correct answer Blood exposure and
accidental needle injuries.
What is the second most common risk factor for HCV transmission in the United States? -
correct answer High-risk sexual behavior.
How can HCV be spread in the health care setting? - correct answer Needlestick injuries.
What activities may facilitate the transmission of HCV? - correct answer Tattooing,
acupuncture, body piercing.
What is the incubation period for hepatitis B? - correct answer Longer than hepatitis A.
Which hepatitis virus represents a more serious health problem? - correct answer Hepatitis B.
What is the most common risk factor for HCV transmission in the United States? - correct
answer Recreational injecting drug use.
What is the most common cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer in the
world? - correct answer HCV.
What is the gut microflora? - correct answer A diverse bacterial community in the gut.
What are the major functions of the gut microflora? - correct answer Metabolic activities,
trophic effects, and protection against pathogens.
Why do the stomach and small intestine contain only a few species of bacteria? - correct
answer Due to acidic and propulsive luminal contents.
What factors influence the colonization of the GI tract? - correct answer Passage through birth
canal, diet, neonatal care, stress, pH, and immunologic status.
What is the major metabolic function of colonic microflora? - correct answer Fermentation of
undigestible dietary residue and endogenous mucus.
What is the role of colonic microorganisms in vitamin synthesis? - correct answer They
synthesize vitamin K.
What is the source of energy in the colon? - correct answer Fermentation of nondigestible
carbohydrates.
What nutrients are absorbed by colonic microorganisms? - correct answer Calcium,
magnesium, and iron.
What is resident gut flora? - correct answer Endogenous microbes in gut
What is colonization resistance? - correct answer Protection against exogenous microbes
What does gut flora restrict? - correct answer Opportunistic bacteria growth
What is the primary treatment for celiac disease? - correct answer Removal of gluten from the
diet.
What is gluten? - correct answer The primary protein in wheat, barley, and rye.
Can oat products be consumed by individuals with celiac disease? - correct answer Yes, as long
as they are not contaminated with wheat during processing.
What types of food are free of gluten? - correct answer Meats, vegetables, fruits, and dairy
products.
What is the result of complete exclusion of dietary gluten? - correct answer Rapid and
complete healing of the intestinal mucosa.
What is acute gastritis? - correct answer Acute mucosal inflammation in the stomach.
What are the symptoms of acute gastritis? - correct answer Emesis, pain, hemorrhage, and
ulceration.
,NUR 529 Exam 3 Questions And Revised Correct answers
What causes acute gastritis? - correct answer Local irritants such as aspirin, NSAIDs, alcohol, or
bacterial toxins.
What can complicate acute hemorrhagic gastritis? - correct answer Oral administration of
corticosteroids.
What is bilirubin? - correct answer Final product of heme breakdown in RBCs
What gives bile its color? - correct answer Bilirubin
What is free bilirubin? - correct answer Insoluble bilirubin attached to plasma albumin
What is conjugated bilirubin? - correct answer Soluble bilirubin in bile
Where is free bilirubin converted to conjugated bilirubin? - correct answer Inside hepatocytes
What happens to conjugated bilirubin? - correct answer Secreted as a constituent of bile
What happens to bilirubin in the small intestine? - correct answer Half is converted to
urobilinogen by intestinal flora
What happens to urobilinogen produced in the intestine? - correct answer Half is absorbed into
portal circulation, remaining excreted in feces
What happens to absorbed urobilinogen? - correct answer Returned to liver to be reexcreted
into bile
What is the role of hepatocytes in bilirubin metabolism? - correct answer Convert free bilirubin
to conjugated bilirubin
What is the fate of bilirubin after it is secreted as a constituent of bile? - correct answer Passes
through bile ducts into small intestine
What is the function of bile? - correct answer Digestion of dietary fats and absorption of fats
and fat-soluble vitamins from the intestine.
What are the components of bile? - correct answer Water, bile salts, bilirubin, cholesterol, and
certain by-products of metabolism.
What is the importance of bile salts in digestion? - correct answer They aid in emulsifying
dietary fats and are necessary for the formation of micelles that transport fatty acids and fat-
soluble vitamins to the surface of the intestinal mucosa for absorption.
What is the enterohepatic circulation? - correct answer The system for the recirculation of bile
involving multiple components such as the liver, biliary tract, gallbladder, portal venous
circulation, small intestine, colon, and kidneys.
, NUR 529 Exam 3 Questions And Revised Correct answers
What is the role of the distal ileum in the enterohepatic circulation? - correct answer Greater
than 90% of bile salts that enter the intestine are reabsorbed into the portal circulation by an
active transport process that takes place in the distal ileum.
How many times do bile salts travel the entire circuit before being expelled in the feces? -
correct answer Normally, bile salts travel this entire circuit approximately 17 times before being
expelled in the feces.
What is the main component of bile salts? - correct answer Cholesterol.
What are common routes of transmission for hepatitis A? - correct answer Contaminated
milk/water, shellfish from infected waters.
Who is at special risk for hepatitis A? - correct answer People traveling abroad who have not
been exposed.
Why do young children play an important role in the spread of hepatitis A? - correct answer
They are often asymptomatic.
What promotes viral infection among children attending preschool day care centers? - correct
answer Oral behavior and lack of toilet training.
How is hepatitis B usually transmitted? - correct answer Inoculation with infected blood/serum.
Where can the viral antigen for hepatitis B be found? - correct answer Most body secretions.
Who is at high risk for hepatitis B in the United States? - correct answer Injecting drug users,
heterosexuals with multiple sex partners, men who have sex with men.
Why are health care workers at risk for hepatitis B? - correct answer Blood exposure and
accidental needle injuries.
What is the second most common risk factor for HCV transmission in the United States? -
correct answer High-risk sexual behavior.
How can HCV be spread in the health care setting? - correct answer Needlestick injuries.
What activities may facilitate the transmission of HCV? - correct answer Tattooing,
acupuncture, body piercing.
What is the incubation period for hepatitis B? - correct answer Longer than hepatitis A.
Which hepatitis virus represents a more serious health problem? - correct answer Hepatitis B.
What is the most common risk factor for HCV transmission in the United States? - correct
answer Recreational injecting drug use.
What is the most common cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer in the
world? - correct answer HCV.
