NR507 Final Exam
what is the functional unit of the nephron
kidney
what are the nephrons filtration and processing of the blood
responsible for
primarily obtained from the kidney
erythropoietin
glycoprotein hormone that play a crucial role in the
regulation of RBC production, a process known as
erythropoiesis
plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system: a hormonal system that regulates blood pressure,
angiotensin-converting enzyme fluid, and electrolyte balance in the body
it is made my the lung to activate angiotensin I in the kidneys
(primarily in the proximal tubules)
filtration (in the kidneys) blood (hydrostatic) pressure is most important for the process of
filtration
reabsorption (in the kidneys) back movement of content from the glomerular filtrate into the blood
excretion (in the kidneys) elimination from the body (ex. drugs)
secretion (in the kidneys) movement of contents from the blood to move into the nephron
sodium and water
3 functions of healthy kidney removal waste
removal
hormone production
fluid overload
elevated wastes (urea, creatinine, potassium)
unhealthy kidney create what
problems (3)
change in hormone levels that control: blood pressure, RBC
production, uptake of calcium
sudden loss of kidney function caused by illness, injury, toxin
that stresses the kidneys (Kidney function recover)
what is acute renal failure, who is
at risk? critically ill patients have the highest risk, major surgery,
trauma, nephrotoxic meds, elderly
a long, slow process where the kidneys lose their ability to
function, occur in various stages
what is chronic kidney disease irreversible loss of kidney function
, defined as either presence of: kidney damage (pathological
abnormalities) OR GFR
<60mL/min for 3 months or longer
what is end-stage renal disease kidneys completely shut down-irreversible
onset: 1-3 days with increased BUN/creatinine and possible decreased
urine output
oliguric: urine output less the 400mL/day, increased BUN,
creatinine, phosphorus and potassium, may last up to 14
stages of acute renal failure days
diuretic: urine output increased as much as 4000mL/day, but
no waste products, may see improvement at the end of
this stage
recovery: kidney function returns to normal or may remain
insufficient and become chronic
what is the functional unit of the nephron
kidney
what are the nephrons filtration and processing of the blood
responsible for
primarily obtained from the kidney
erythropoietin
glycoprotein hormone that play a crucial role in the
regulation of RBC production, a process known as
erythropoiesis
plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system: a hormonal system that regulates blood pressure,
angiotensin-converting enzyme fluid, and electrolyte balance in the body
it is made my the lung to activate angiotensin I in the kidneys
(primarily in the proximal tubules)
filtration (in the kidneys) blood (hydrostatic) pressure is most important for the process of
filtration
reabsorption (in the kidneys) back movement of content from the glomerular filtrate into the blood
excretion (in the kidneys) elimination from the body (ex. drugs)
secretion (in the kidneys) movement of contents from the blood to move into the nephron
sodium and water
3 functions of healthy kidney removal waste
removal
hormone production
fluid overload
elevated wastes (urea, creatinine, potassium)
unhealthy kidney create what
problems (3)
change in hormone levels that control: blood pressure, RBC
production, uptake of calcium
sudden loss of kidney function caused by illness, injury, toxin
that stresses the kidneys (Kidney function recover)
what is acute renal failure, who is
at risk? critically ill patients have the highest risk, major surgery,
trauma, nephrotoxic meds, elderly
a long, slow process where the kidneys lose their ability to
function, occur in various stages
what is chronic kidney disease irreversible loss of kidney function
, defined as either presence of: kidney damage (pathological
abnormalities) OR GFR
<60mL/min for 3 months or longer
what is end-stage renal disease kidneys completely shut down-irreversible
onset: 1-3 days with increased BUN/creatinine and possible decreased
urine output
oliguric: urine output less the 400mL/day, increased BUN,
creatinine, phosphorus and potassium, may last up to 14
stages of acute renal failure days
diuretic: urine output increased as much as 4000mL/day, but
no waste products, may see improvement at the end of
this stage
recovery: kidney function returns to normal or may remain
insufficient and become chronic
