MED SURG 1: CANCER MANAGEMENT EXAM
2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
Cancer definition - large group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and
spread of abnormal cells
-malignant neoplasm, tumor, malignancy, carcinoma
Usually due to damaged genes controlling cell growth
5% genetic; 95% factors
Tumor types - benign
Malignant or neoplasm
Tumor definition - abnormal growths of new tissue that serve no useful purpose and may cause
harm by competing for blood supply and nutrients
Differentiation - normal tissue contains cells of uniform size, shape, maturity, nuclear structure
-specialize in physiologic structure
Anaplastic - tumor has lost identity with parent tissue; undifferentiated
Dysplasia definition - general category that indicates a disorganization of cells (size, shape, org.)
Chronic irritation may cause
Could reverse or lead to cancer
Cells still closely tied to parent origin cells, but not organized appropriately
Hyperplasia - type of dysplasia
-increase in cell #s
-may be normal (breast tissue change during pregnancy)
-neoplastic hyperplasia is abnormal
, Metaplasia - early dysplasia (with something other than just an increase in cell #s)
Anaplasia - most advanced form of metaplasia
Loss of structural differentiation
Seen in most malignant neoplasms
Carcinoma - epithelium neoplasm
Adenocarcinoma - glandular tissue neoplasm
Sarcoma - connective tissue neoplasm
Astrocytoma - astrocyte glial cell, type of glioblastoma
Ependymoma, ependomyoblastoma - ependymal cells lining the ventricles
Lymphoma - lymphoid tissue
Leukemia, myeloma - hematopoetic
Carcinogen - cancer causing agent(s)
Exposure assd. With a higher risk of acquiring cancer
Biological factors leading to cancer - viruses
Hiv - suppressed immune system
Percentage of association between viruses and cancer - 15% of all human cancers are associated
with a virus
Chemical carcinogens - chemicals in tobacco smoke
Associated with the workplace
2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
Cancer definition - large group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and
spread of abnormal cells
-malignant neoplasm, tumor, malignancy, carcinoma
Usually due to damaged genes controlling cell growth
5% genetic; 95% factors
Tumor types - benign
Malignant or neoplasm
Tumor definition - abnormal growths of new tissue that serve no useful purpose and may cause
harm by competing for blood supply and nutrients
Differentiation - normal tissue contains cells of uniform size, shape, maturity, nuclear structure
-specialize in physiologic structure
Anaplastic - tumor has lost identity with parent tissue; undifferentiated
Dysplasia definition - general category that indicates a disorganization of cells (size, shape, org.)
Chronic irritation may cause
Could reverse or lead to cancer
Cells still closely tied to parent origin cells, but not organized appropriately
Hyperplasia - type of dysplasia
-increase in cell #s
-may be normal (breast tissue change during pregnancy)
-neoplastic hyperplasia is abnormal
, Metaplasia - early dysplasia (with something other than just an increase in cell #s)
Anaplasia - most advanced form of metaplasia
Loss of structural differentiation
Seen in most malignant neoplasms
Carcinoma - epithelium neoplasm
Adenocarcinoma - glandular tissue neoplasm
Sarcoma - connective tissue neoplasm
Astrocytoma - astrocyte glial cell, type of glioblastoma
Ependymoma, ependomyoblastoma - ependymal cells lining the ventricles
Lymphoma - lymphoid tissue
Leukemia, myeloma - hematopoetic
Carcinogen - cancer causing agent(s)
Exposure assd. With a higher risk of acquiring cancer
Biological factors leading to cancer - viruses
Hiv - suppressed immune system
Percentage of association between viruses and cancer - 15% of all human cancers are associated
with a virus
Chemical carcinogens - chemicals in tobacco smoke
Associated with the workplace
