THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK - INFANT NEURO
EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
Medical model
1. Focus on disease
2. Primary system
3. Outcome = life/death
4. Professional directed
Wholistic model - 1. Focus on person
2. System interaction
3. Outcome = function
4. Client involvement
The HOP-FA model helps PT's establish a _______ - Plan of Care (POC)
Evidence-based practice (EBP) - refers to the use of current knowledge & research to guide
clinical decision making within the context of the individual client
Efficacy - the outcomes of interventions provided in a controlled setting under experimental
conditions
Effectiveness - the outcomes of interventions provided within the scope of clinical practice
Sackett's Level of Evidence - Level 1 = best/Level 5 = worst
Level I: RCT
Level II: Non-randomized experimental
Level III & IV: Quasi-experimental design w/o random group assignment
Level V: No control group
Practice Guidelines - systematically developed statements to assist patient & practitioner
decisions about management
Clinical Pathways (AKA critical pathway or "care path") - specifies sequence & components of
care by multiple disciplines, expected goals & outcomes along a time sequence
Clinical Reasoning - refers to the many ways a practitioner thinks about & interprets an idea and
incorporates knowledge, experience, problem solving, judgement, & decision making
, Decision Making - is both an art + science
Involves Knowledge + practice experience
Requires intuitive, implicit practical knowledge
The Clinical Decision Theory: Complexity of tasks required for clinical judgement are
____________________ if mathematical algorithm or decision making models are applied - less
susceptible to error
The clinical decision theory permits for: - 1. Calculating probability
2. Increases reliability
3. Reduces clinician errors
4. Reduces clinician bias
Who/what is the HOP-FA modeled after? - It's modeled after Rothstein, Echternach, & Riddle's
HOAC II
What is the HOP-FA? - Kenyon, L : "the hypothesis-oriented pediatric focused algorithm. A
framework for clinical reasoning in pediatric PT practice."
Includes prevention of anticipated problems
& addresses secondary impairments
What is the focus of the HOP-FA? - FAMILY-centered outcomes
Name 3 barriers to family-centered care - 1. Role conflict for parents who are more
knowledgeable about med'l issues
2. Role stress where communication can be affected btw parents & med'l staff
3. Stressors associated with hospitalization
How might illness & disability affect the CHILD? - i. Children have varying degrees of
understanding
Ii. Children may want to have a say in their treatment
Iii. Transition from adolescence to adulthood may lead to struggles with independence
EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
Medical model
1. Focus on disease
2. Primary system
3. Outcome = life/death
4. Professional directed
Wholistic model - 1. Focus on person
2. System interaction
3. Outcome = function
4. Client involvement
The HOP-FA model helps PT's establish a _______ - Plan of Care (POC)
Evidence-based practice (EBP) - refers to the use of current knowledge & research to guide
clinical decision making within the context of the individual client
Efficacy - the outcomes of interventions provided in a controlled setting under experimental
conditions
Effectiveness - the outcomes of interventions provided within the scope of clinical practice
Sackett's Level of Evidence - Level 1 = best/Level 5 = worst
Level I: RCT
Level II: Non-randomized experimental
Level III & IV: Quasi-experimental design w/o random group assignment
Level V: No control group
Practice Guidelines - systematically developed statements to assist patient & practitioner
decisions about management
Clinical Pathways (AKA critical pathway or "care path") - specifies sequence & components of
care by multiple disciplines, expected goals & outcomes along a time sequence
Clinical Reasoning - refers to the many ways a practitioner thinks about & interprets an idea and
incorporates knowledge, experience, problem solving, judgement, & decision making
, Decision Making - is both an art + science
Involves Knowledge + practice experience
Requires intuitive, implicit practical knowledge
The Clinical Decision Theory: Complexity of tasks required for clinical judgement are
____________________ if mathematical algorithm or decision making models are applied - less
susceptible to error
The clinical decision theory permits for: - 1. Calculating probability
2. Increases reliability
3. Reduces clinician errors
4. Reduces clinician bias
Who/what is the HOP-FA modeled after? - It's modeled after Rothstein, Echternach, & Riddle's
HOAC II
What is the HOP-FA? - Kenyon, L : "the hypothesis-oriented pediatric focused algorithm. A
framework for clinical reasoning in pediatric PT practice."
Includes prevention of anticipated problems
& addresses secondary impairments
What is the focus of the HOP-FA? - FAMILY-centered outcomes
Name 3 barriers to family-centered care - 1. Role conflict for parents who are more
knowledgeable about med'l issues
2. Role stress where communication can be affected btw parents & med'l staff
3. Stressors associated with hospitalization
How might illness & disability affect the CHILD? - i. Children have varying degrees of
understanding
Ii. Children may want to have a say in their treatment
Iii. Transition from adolescence to adulthood may lead to struggles with independence
