BIO 168 Exam 3 Material Latest Update 2025-
2026 190 Questions and 100% Verified Correct
Answers Guaranteed A+
2 Enlargement Areas of spinal cord - CORRECTANSWER: -Cervical
--Extra nerves because it serves all the upper body limbs
--From C4-T1
-Lumbar
--Extra nerves because it serves all the lower limbs of the body
--T9 - T12
2 Neuroglial cells from PNS - CORRECTANSWER: Schwann Cells
Satellite Cells
2 types of cells in the Nerve cells - CORRECTANSWER: -Neuron - the excitable cell
-Neuroglial cells - supportive cells
--There are 6 of these
-----4 in CNS
-----2 in PNS
2 types of synaptic transmission - CORRECTANSWER: chemical
electrical
3 Amino Acid Neurotransmitters - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Glutamate
--The most important excitatory NT in CNS
2. Gaba
,--The most important inhibitory NT in CNS
3. Glycine
--Inhibitory NT in CNS
3 Extensions of the Dura Mater in the Brain - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Falx Cerebri
2. Falx Cerebelli
3. Tentorium Cerebelli
3 kinds of Neuropeptides - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Substance P
2. Opioids
3. Neuropeptide Y
3 Lobes of cerebellum - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Anterior lobe
2. Posterior lobe
3. Flocculonodular
3 major areas of cerebral cortex - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Primary Sensory
2. Primary Motor
3. Association Areas (There are association areas of each of these primary sensory and
motor areas)
3 Meninges - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Dura Mater
2. Arachnoid Mater
3. Pia Mater
3 other parts of the brain associated with the Primary Motor Cortex -
CORRECTANSWER: 1. Caudate Nucleus
2. Putamen (together these first 2 are called Corpus Striatum)
,3. Globus Pallidus
3 Parts of Limbic System - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Hippocampus
2. Amygdala
3. Limbic Lobe
3 Primary Vesicles of brain - CORRECTANSWER: Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
3 Structural classifications of Neurons - CORRECTANSWER: Multipolar
Bipolar
Pseudounipolar
3 structures of Brainstem - CORRECTANSWER: -Midbrain
-Pons
-Medulla Oblongata
3 ways to terminate synaptic transmission - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Diffusion and
Absorption
2. Degradation in the Synaptic Cleft
3. Reuptake into the presynaptic neuron
4 Important Neurotransmitter Groups - CORRECTANSWER: -Acetylcholine
-Monoamines
-Amino Acid NTs
-Neuropeptides
, 5 Lobes of Cerebrum - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Frontal Lobe
2. Parietal Lobe
3. Temporal Lobe
4. Occipital Lobe
5. There's a 5th part that you cant see externally, called the Insula lobe
--Responsible for cravings
a nerve connective tissue - CORRECTANSWER: a bundle of fascicles, the epineurium
(outermost layer)
Absolute refractory period - CORRECTANSWER: -when you're above threshold
-Cannot generate a new AP during that time, because you're in the process of having an
action potential
-NO AP during this time
Acetylcholine - CORRECTANSWER: -Causes contraction of muscles at NMJ
---Ca++ binds to synaptic vesicle
-ACh is excitatory when it causes muscle contraction in CNS
-Can also be inhibitory in synapses in PNS
-Acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme that breaks it down
Action Potential - CORRECTANSWER: -To fire an action potential, we need enough of
a positive stimulus from the graded potential, to reach threshold
-If we reach threshold, we will fire off an action potential
-They are all or none -- must reach threshold
-If we fire off AP, we have an influx of Na+
2026 190 Questions and 100% Verified Correct
Answers Guaranteed A+
2 Enlargement Areas of spinal cord - CORRECTANSWER: -Cervical
--Extra nerves because it serves all the upper body limbs
--From C4-T1
-Lumbar
--Extra nerves because it serves all the lower limbs of the body
--T9 - T12
2 Neuroglial cells from PNS - CORRECTANSWER: Schwann Cells
Satellite Cells
2 types of cells in the Nerve cells - CORRECTANSWER: -Neuron - the excitable cell
-Neuroglial cells - supportive cells
--There are 6 of these
-----4 in CNS
-----2 in PNS
2 types of synaptic transmission - CORRECTANSWER: chemical
electrical
3 Amino Acid Neurotransmitters - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Glutamate
--The most important excitatory NT in CNS
2. Gaba
,--The most important inhibitory NT in CNS
3. Glycine
--Inhibitory NT in CNS
3 Extensions of the Dura Mater in the Brain - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Falx Cerebri
2. Falx Cerebelli
3. Tentorium Cerebelli
3 kinds of Neuropeptides - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Substance P
2. Opioids
3. Neuropeptide Y
3 Lobes of cerebellum - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Anterior lobe
2. Posterior lobe
3. Flocculonodular
3 major areas of cerebral cortex - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Primary Sensory
2. Primary Motor
3. Association Areas (There are association areas of each of these primary sensory and
motor areas)
3 Meninges - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Dura Mater
2. Arachnoid Mater
3. Pia Mater
3 other parts of the brain associated with the Primary Motor Cortex -
CORRECTANSWER: 1. Caudate Nucleus
2. Putamen (together these first 2 are called Corpus Striatum)
,3. Globus Pallidus
3 Parts of Limbic System - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Hippocampus
2. Amygdala
3. Limbic Lobe
3 Primary Vesicles of brain - CORRECTANSWER: Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
3 Structural classifications of Neurons - CORRECTANSWER: Multipolar
Bipolar
Pseudounipolar
3 structures of Brainstem - CORRECTANSWER: -Midbrain
-Pons
-Medulla Oblongata
3 ways to terminate synaptic transmission - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Diffusion and
Absorption
2. Degradation in the Synaptic Cleft
3. Reuptake into the presynaptic neuron
4 Important Neurotransmitter Groups - CORRECTANSWER: -Acetylcholine
-Monoamines
-Amino Acid NTs
-Neuropeptides
, 5 Lobes of Cerebrum - CORRECTANSWER: 1. Frontal Lobe
2. Parietal Lobe
3. Temporal Lobe
4. Occipital Lobe
5. There's a 5th part that you cant see externally, called the Insula lobe
--Responsible for cravings
a nerve connective tissue - CORRECTANSWER: a bundle of fascicles, the epineurium
(outermost layer)
Absolute refractory period - CORRECTANSWER: -when you're above threshold
-Cannot generate a new AP during that time, because you're in the process of having an
action potential
-NO AP during this time
Acetylcholine - CORRECTANSWER: -Causes contraction of muscles at NMJ
---Ca++ binds to synaptic vesicle
-ACh is excitatory when it causes muscle contraction in CNS
-Can also be inhibitory in synapses in PNS
-Acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme that breaks it down
Action Potential - CORRECTANSWER: -To fire an action potential, we need enough of
a positive stimulus from the graded potential, to reach threshold
-If we reach threshold, we will fire off an action potential
-They are all or none -- must reach threshold
-If we fire off AP, we have an influx of Na+
