AQA GCSE History exam|complete study guide with updated answers|newest 2025|get a pass on your first trial

1. Name six factors that have affected the history of medicine. - CORRECT ANSWERS️️War, Chance, Role of Individuals, Science and Technology, Communication, Religion 2. Which Ancient Greek developed the theory of clinical observation? - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Hippocrates 3. Which Ancient Roman developed the theory of the opposites (based on the Four Humours)? - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Galen 4. What were the four humours? - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Blood, Yellow Bile, Black Bile, Phlegm - four liquids that were thought to control human health 5. Galen's work was rediscovered in around AD900 in Salerno, Italy after it was copied from Arabic sources. But, why did the Catholic Church support Galen's ideas? - CORRECT ANSWERS️️He wrote that the complexity of the human body was proof of a single divine creator, i.e. God. 6. Name three ways in which Islamic medicine was better than early medieval European medicine. - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Hospitals, cleanliness, anaesthetics - opium 7. Name three things that people thought caused disease in the Middle Ages. - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Humours, miasma, movement of stars and planets, God 8. Name three types of people who would treat the sick in the Middle Ages. - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Barber surgeon, apothecary, wise woman, monks and nuns 9. Name three medieval cures for disease. - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Blood-letting, purging, prayer, potions and poultices 10. Why is Roger Bacon proof that religion was the most important factor in medicine in the Middle Ages? - CORRECT ANSWERS️️He was imprisoned by the Church for questioning the teachings of Galen 11. What was banned by the Catholic Church, leading to strange ideas about human anatomy? - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Dissection 12. Why does John Arderne prove that doctors could criticise Galen, if they had powerful support? - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Arderne also criticised Galen but was protected by his patron, John of Gaunt, who was the son of King Edward III 13. Why does John Arderne prove that there hadn't been any major breakthroughs in surgery until the discovery of anaesthetics in the 19th century? - CORRECT ANSWERS️️The survival rate for Arderne's surgery in the 14th century was the same as it was in the 18th century 14. Name three similarities and three differences between the Black Death and the Great Plague. - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Similarities: Beliefs about causes of disease - miasma, God; attempts to quarrantine; similar treatments - bursting buboes, etc.; poor sanitation; dirty streets; wealthy retreated to the countryside to avoid plague; 1/3rd of infected died. Differences: less belief in supernatural causes during the Great Plague - greater emphasis on miasma; burning of salt-peter in the streets to clear miasma during GP; killing cats and dogs; better quarrantine during GP; better recording of spread of plague during GP. 15. What is miasma and when was it disproven as a theory for cause of disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS️️The belief that disease was caused by 'foul air'. It was often believed that miasma was air that escaped up through fissures in the earth from Hell. It wasn't disproven until germ theory was proved in 1861, and even then, it took a long time for people to change their beliefs.