©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:12 AM A+
GMS6419: medical endocrine and
reproductive physiology. Exam Questions
And Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
What are the three components of the endocrine system - Answer✔endocrine glands
hormones
target organs/target cells
definition of hormones - Answer✔chemical messengers that are transported by the blood to
target cells/organs where they elicit a physiological change
what is the function of the endocrine system - Answer✔to regulate cellular and organ function
throughout life and maintain normal body homeostasis
the endocrine system regulates: - Answer✔-growth/developmental processes
-reproduction
-energy balance/metabolism
-body temperature
-stress responses
-sodium/potassium/calcium/phosphate
-water and sodium balance
-cardiovascular regulation
-GI system
1|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:12 AM A+
where are hormones made - Answer✔by the glands
how are the endocrine and neurocrine systems different - Answer✔there is no endocrine gland
so the hormone is released from the nerve terminal instead
where are hormones released in the paracrine and autocrine systems - Answer✔into the
interstitial fluid and then to the receptors on target cells
examples of paracrine and autocrine systems - Answer✔growth factors
cytokines
neurotransmitters (NTs)
what are the major endocrine glands - Answer✔hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
adrenal gland
pancreas
ovaries
testes
what are the master endocrine glands - Answer✔hypothalamus
pituitary gland
hypothalamus hormones - Answer✔releasing/inhibiting hormones
2|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:12 AM A+
pituitary gland hormones - Answer✔ACTH
TSH
GH
LH
FSH
PRL
SST
AVP
OT
thyroid gland hormones - Answer✔T3
T4
CT
parathyroid gland hormones - Answer✔PTH
adrenal gland hormones - Answer✔ALDO
CORT
EPI
NE
pancreas hormones - Answer✔insulin
glucagon
ovarian hormones - Answer✔estrogen
progesterone
inhibin
3|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:12 AM A+
testes hormones - Answer✔testosterone
inhibin
what are the three major classes of hormones - Answer✔proteins/peptides (largest group)
steroids/steroid-like molecules
tyrosine-derived hormones
where are most peptide hormones made - Answer✔intracellularly
steps of making a peptide hormone - Answer✔starts with DNA
mRNA
preprohormone (ribosomes)
prohormone (endoplasmic reticulum)
hormone (golgi bodies)
where do peptide hormones go once they are made - Answer✔stored in secretory/storage
granules until they are released
characteristics of peptide hormones - Answer✔hydrophilic (water soluble)
usually circulate freely in blood
short half-life (rapid metabolism and excretion)
bind to membrane receptors at target cell
what triggers exocytosis of peptide hormones from cell - Answer✔Calcium
example of a peptide hormone that is synthesized extracellularly - Answer✔angiotensin II
4|Page
GMS6419: medical endocrine and
reproductive physiology. Exam Questions
And Answers |Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
What are the three components of the endocrine system - Answer✔endocrine glands
hormones
target organs/target cells
definition of hormones - Answer✔chemical messengers that are transported by the blood to
target cells/organs where they elicit a physiological change
what is the function of the endocrine system - Answer✔to regulate cellular and organ function
throughout life and maintain normal body homeostasis
the endocrine system regulates: - Answer✔-growth/developmental processes
-reproduction
-energy balance/metabolism
-body temperature
-stress responses
-sodium/potassium/calcium/phosphate
-water and sodium balance
-cardiovascular regulation
-GI system
1|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:12 AM A+
where are hormones made - Answer✔by the glands
how are the endocrine and neurocrine systems different - Answer✔there is no endocrine gland
so the hormone is released from the nerve terminal instead
where are hormones released in the paracrine and autocrine systems - Answer✔into the
interstitial fluid and then to the receptors on target cells
examples of paracrine and autocrine systems - Answer✔growth factors
cytokines
neurotransmitters (NTs)
what are the major endocrine glands - Answer✔hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
adrenal gland
pancreas
ovaries
testes
what are the master endocrine glands - Answer✔hypothalamus
pituitary gland
hypothalamus hormones - Answer✔releasing/inhibiting hormones
2|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:12 AM A+
pituitary gland hormones - Answer✔ACTH
TSH
GH
LH
FSH
PRL
SST
AVP
OT
thyroid gland hormones - Answer✔T3
T4
CT
parathyroid gland hormones - Answer✔PTH
adrenal gland hormones - Answer✔ALDO
CORT
EPI
NE
pancreas hormones - Answer✔insulin
glucagon
ovarian hormones - Answer✔estrogen
progesterone
inhibin
3|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:12 AM A+
testes hormones - Answer✔testosterone
inhibin
what are the three major classes of hormones - Answer✔proteins/peptides (largest group)
steroids/steroid-like molecules
tyrosine-derived hormones
where are most peptide hormones made - Answer✔intracellularly
steps of making a peptide hormone - Answer✔starts with DNA
mRNA
preprohormone (ribosomes)
prohormone (endoplasmic reticulum)
hormone (golgi bodies)
where do peptide hormones go once they are made - Answer✔stored in secretory/storage
granules until they are released
characteristics of peptide hormones - Answer✔hydrophilic (water soluble)
usually circulate freely in blood
short half-life (rapid metabolism and excretion)
bind to membrane receptors at target cell
what triggers exocytosis of peptide hormones from cell - Answer✔Calcium
example of a peptide hormone that is synthesized extracellularly - Answer✔angiotensin II
4|Page
