2025/2026 WGU D334 EXAM WITH Q&A VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+

2025/2026 WGU D334 EXAM WITH Q&A VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ XOR the following ------------------ - CORRECT ANSWER- asymmetric key-based encryption -typical methods - CORRECT ANSWER-RSA DSA El Gamal Symmetric key-based encryption -Typical Methods - CORRECT ANSWER-RC2- 40-bit key size 64-bit block RC4- (Stream Cipher)- Used in SSL and WEP RC5- (Variable Key size, 32, 64, or 128 bit block size) AES- (128, 192 or 256-bit key size, 128-bit block size) DES- (56-bit key size. 64 bit Block size) 3DES- (112-bit key size, 64-bit block size) Block Encryption - CORRECT ANSWER-RC2(40 bit key size) RC5(Variable block size) IDEA DES 3DES AES (Rijndael) Blowfish Twofish stream encryption - CORRECT ANSWER-RC4 Chacha Rainbow Attack - CORRECT ANSWER-The method of knowing the mapping between the hashed values and the original data Dictionary-type attack - CORRECT ANSWER-a brute force analysis ∉ - CORRECT ANSWER-does not belong to when an object is not in a set ∈ - CORRECT ANSWER-Belongs to when an object is within a set ⊆ - CORRECT ANSWER-subset subset has fewer elements or equal to the set A ∪ B - CORRECT ANSWER-union (objects that belong to set A or set B) | - CORRECT ANSWER-such that A ∩ B - CORRECT ANSWER-Intersection: in both A and B Enigma Machine -Cypher 10 - CORRECT ANSWER-Used a polyalphabetic substitution cipher, which did not repeat within a reasonable time period, along with a secret key. For the cracking of the Enigma cipher, the challenge was thus to determine both the algorithm used and the key. Enigma's main weakness, though, was that none of the plain text letters could be ciphered as itself. Four-square cipher9 - CORRECT ANSWER-Uses four 5 × 5 matrices arranged in a square, are where each matrix contains 25 letters for encoding and decoding operations. One-time pad cypher8 - CORRECT ANSWER-Cypher Code mapping that is only used once. Advantage: it is essentially unbreakable. Disadvantage: it takes lots of work as you would have to generate the pad to be used, each time. Vigenere Cipher 7 - CORRECT ANSWER-Polyalphabetic cipher that involves using a different mapping, based on a keyword, for each character of the cipher. An advantage of this type of cipher is that the same plaintext character is likely to be coded to different mappings, depending on the position of the keyword, making guessing more difficult. Ceasar Cipher6 - CORRECT ANSWER-Mono-alphabetic substitution cypher known as "shift" cipher. Involves plaintext being replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. i.e., a Caesar Cipher using a shift of +3 would mean a plaintext letter A would result in a ciphertext letter D (a shift of three positions to the right in the alphabet) Morse Code cypher 5 - CORRECT ANSWER-Encoding method, rather than a cypher, that works by translating characters into sequences of dots (.) and dashes (-) Playfair Cipher 4 - CORRECT ANSWER-5 × 5 matrix containing the alphabet less the letter J. Cipher/decipher process consists of a set of rules outlining use of column and row combinations. BIFID Cipher 3 - CORRECT ANSWER-Makes use of a grid and which maps the letters into numeric values. Rail Code Cipher 2 - CORRECT ANSWER-Employs a method to scramble text by writing it in a sequence across a number of rails. Pig Pen Cipher 1 - CORRECT ANSWER-Mono- alphabetic substitution cipher that makes use of mapping plaintext characters to graphical characters rather than to alphabetic ones. i.e. A=(pick a symbol), vs A=(pick a letter). Disadvantage: once the mapping is known, it is difficult to keep the message secret. Encryption - CORRECT ANSWER-in simplest terms is changing plaintext into ciphertext Decryption - CORRECT ANSWER-The process of converting a ciphertext into plaintext. AESCrypt - CORRECT ANSWER-Encrypt individual files and encrypt full disks with options such as Bitlocker and FileVault Mono-alphabetic - CORRECT ANSWER-c code or substitution is where a single mapping from our alphabet to a cipher alphabet is created. Many early cryptosystems used this. Polyalphabetic - CORRECT ANSWER-refers to the mapping of our alphabet to a number of cipher alphabets. This approach added a bit of complexity to early cryptosystems. One-time pad - CORRECT ANSWER-is considered to be unbreakable since it only uses its cipher code once. Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs) - CORRECT ANSWER-This method repeats the random numbers after a given time (periodic). They are fast and are also deterministic and are useful in producing a repeatable set of random numbers. Frequency Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER-is cipher cracking methodology that involves identifying patterns and variations in the probability of codes. i.e. a three-letter ciphered text combination spotted at the beginning of a string too often could tip us off that those three letters correlate the letters THE in the English alphabet. True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) - CORRECT ANSWER-This method generates a true random number and uses some form of random process. One approach is to monitor the movements of a mouse pointer on a screen or from the pauses between keystrokes. Overall, the method is generally slow, especially if it involves human interaction, but is non-deterministic and aperiodic. Entropy - CORRECT ANSWER-measures level of unpredictability; in encryption relates to the degree of uncertainty of the encryption process. ASCII - CORRECT ANSWER-8-bit values, up to 256 characters UTF-16 - CORRECT ANSWER-16- bit values, up to 65,536 characters Hardware vs Software encryption - CORRECT ANSWER-Hardware encryption is more efficient than software encryption.