Integrated Principles of Zoology Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+
mutualism - Answers A type of interaction in which two different species derive benefit from their
association, which may be necessary to both; often symbiotic.
Example: Algal cells in Cnidarian tissues
commensalism - Answers A relationship in which one individual lives close to or on another and benefits,
and the host is unaffected; often symbiotic
Example: Cnidarians on the shell or other surface of their host
parasitism - Answers The condition of an organism living in or on another organism (host) at whose
expense the parasite is maintained; destructive symbiosis.
Example: Clonorchis sinensis
autotroph - Answers An organism that makes its organic nutrients from inorganic raw materials
Example: Many plants are autotrophic
heterotrophic - Answers An organism that must obtain both organic and inorganic raw materials from
the environment in order to live
Example: All metazoa are heterotrophic
phagocytosis - Answers Engulfment of a particle by a phagocyte or a unicellular eukaryote
phagotrophs (holozoic) - Answers A heterotrophic organism that ingests solid particles for food
Example:
osmotrophs (saprozoic) - Answers A heterotrophic organism that absorbs dissolved nutrients
Example: Euglena show osmotrophic and phagotrophic capabilities
flagella - Answers Whiplike organelle of locomotion
pseudopodia - Answers A temporary cytoplasmic protrusion extended out from an ameboid cell, and
serving for locomotion or for engulfing food.
cilia - Answers A hairlike, vibrate organelle process found on many animal cells. May be used in moving
particles along the cell surface or, in ciliated unicellular forms, for locomotion. Important structure for
many animals.
test - Answers A shell or hardened outer covering
testate - Answers The condition of having a test
, axoneme - Answers The microtubules in a cilium or flagellum, usually arranged as a circlet of nine pairs
enclosing one central pair; also the microtubules of an axopodium
kinetosome - Answers The self-duplicating structure at the base of the flagellum or cilium, similar to
centriole, also called basal body or blepharoplast
sliding microtubule hypothesis - Answers Explanation for ciliary and flagellar movement. Powered by a
release of chemical bond energy in ATP. When this happens, the dynein proteins present on the
peripheral microtubules "walk along" the adjacent microtubules, causing it to slide relative to the other
microtubule pair. The axoneme bends when the microtubules slide past each other.
ectoplasm - Answers The cortex of a cell or that part of cytoplasm just under the cell surface; contrasts
with endoplasm
endoplasm - Answers The portion of cytoplasm that immediately surrounds the nucleus; contrasts with
ectoplasm
lopobodia - Answers Blunt, lobe like pseudopodium
filopodia - Answers A type of pseudopodium that is very slender and may branch but does not rejoin to
form a mesh
Example: Euglypha
limax form - Answers Form of pseudopodial movement occurring after ameboid cells of a cellular slime
mold unite to make a slug like body; no discrete pseudopodia are extended
reticulopodia - Answers Pseudopodia that branch and rejoin
hyaline cap - Answers Extension of an ameboid pseudopodium during locomotion. The endoplasm flows
into it and is converted to ectoplasm lengthening the stiff outer tube.
extrusomes - Answers Any membrane-bound organelle in protozoans used to extrude something from a
cell. Example: Trichocyst
trichocyst - Answers Saclike protrusible organelle in the ectoplasm of ciliates, which discharges as a
threadlike weapon of defense.
contractile vacuole - Answers A clear fluid-filled cell vacuole in unicellular eukaryotes and a few animals;
collects water and releases it to the outside in a cyclical manner, of osmoregulation and some excretion
binary fission - Answers A mode of asexual reproduction in which an animal splits into two
approximately equal offspring
budding - Answers Reproduction in which the offspring arises as an outgrowth from the parent and is
initially smaller than the parent. Failure of the offspring to separate from the parent leads to colony
formation
mutualism - Answers A type of interaction in which two different species derive benefit from their
association, which may be necessary to both; often symbiotic.
Example: Algal cells in Cnidarian tissues
commensalism - Answers A relationship in which one individual lives close to or on another and benefits,
and the host is unaffected; often symbiotic
Example: Cnidarians on the shell or other surface of their host
parasitism - Answers The condition of an organism living in or on another organism (host) at whose
expense the parasite is maintained; destructive symbiosis.
Example: Clonorchis sinensis
autotroph - Answers An organism that makes its organic nutrients from inorganic raw materials
Example: Many plants are autotrophic
heterotrophic - Answers An organism that must obtain both organic and inorganic raw materials from
the environment in order to live
Example: All metazoa are heterotrophic
phagocytosis - Answers Engulfment of a particle by a phagocyte or a unicellular eukaryote
phagotrophs (holozoic) - Answers A heterotrophic organism that ingests solid particles for food
Example:
osmotrophs (saprozoic) - Answers A heterotrophic organism that absorbs dissolved nutrients
Example: Euglena show osmotrophic and phagotrophic capabilities
flagella - Answers Whiplike organelle of locomotion
pseudopodia - Answers A temporary cytoplasmic protrusion extended out from an ameboid cell, and
serving for locomotion or for engulfing food.
cilia - Answers A hairlike, vibrate organelle process found on many animal cells. May be used in moving
particles along the cell surface or, in ciliated unicellular forms, for locomotion. Important structure for
many animals.
test - Answers A shell or hardened outer covering
testate - Answers The condition of having a test
, axoneme - Answers The microtubules in a cilium or flagellum, usually arranged as a circlet of nine pairs
enclosing one central pair; also the microtubules of an axopodium
kinetosome - Answers The self-duplicating structure at the base of the flagellum or cilium, similar to
centriole, also called basal body or blepharoplast
sliding microtubule hypothesis - Answers Explanation for ciliary and flagellar movement. Powered by a
release of chemical bond energy in ATP. When this happens, the dynein proteins present on the
peripheral microtubules "walk along" the adjacent microtubules, causing it to slide relative to the other
microtubule pair. The axoneme bends when the microtubules slide past each other.
ectoplasm - Answers The cortex of a cell or that part of cytoplasm just under the cell surface; contrasts
with endoplasm
endoplasm - Answers The portion of cytoplasm that immediately surrounds the nucleus; contrasts with
ectoplasm
lopobodia - Answers Blunt, lobe like pseudopodium
filopodia - Answers A type of pseudopodium that is very slender and may branch but does not rejoin to
form a mesh
Example: Euglypha
limax form - Answers Form of pseudopodial movement occurring after ameboid cells of a cellular slime
mold unite to make a slug like body; no discrete pseudopodia are extended
reticulopodia - Answers Pseudopodia that branch and rejoin
hyaline cap - Answers Extension of an ameboid pseudopodium during locomotion. The endoplasm flows
into it and is converted to ectoplasm lengthening the stiff outer tube.
extrusomes - Answers Any membrane-bound organelle in protozoans used to extrude something from a
cell. Example: Trichocyst
trichocyst - Answers Saclike protrusible organelle in the ectoplasm of ciliates, which discharges as a
threadlike weapon of defense.
contractile vacuole - Answers A clear fluid-filled cell vacuole in unicellular eukaryotes and a few animals;
collects water and releases it to the outside in a cyclical manner, of osmoregulation and some excretion
binary fission - Answers A mode of asexual reproduction in which an animal splits into two
approximately equal offspring
budding - Answers Reproduction in which the offspring arises as an outgrowth from the parent and is
initially smaller than the parent. Failure of the offspring to separate from the parent leads to colony
formation
