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Samenvatting 1: De celcyclus

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De celcyclus bij het vak geno feno

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1 DE CELCYCLUS
Leerdoelen
 Een gedetailleerde omschrijving met juiste terminologie van de verschillende fasen van de
celcyclus geven en van de fasen de functies beschrijven
 Een gedetailleerde omschrijving van de verschillende fasen en structurele componenten van
de mitose geven
 Uitleggen hoe de celcyclus wordt gereguleerd op verschillende checkpoints en door een
moleculair controlesysteem van cyclines en cycine dependent kinases

Organismen hebben een cellulaire bouw, hun instandhouding berust op een celdeling (mitose =
kerndeling, slechts 1 onderdeel van de hele celdeling). Celdeling is van belang voor reproductie, groei
en herstel. Bij deling ontstaan twee dochtercellen met identiek DNA.

Genoom = De genetische informatie in een cel (DNA)
Het genoom kan bestaan uit een of meerdere dubbele DNA-helices (mens: 46). In eukaryoten zijn de
lange DNA-moleculen ‘verpakt’ als chromatine (eiwit + DNA) dat kan condenseren tot chromosomen.
Alle humane somatische (lichaams) cellen bevatten 46 chromosomen (2*23).

Levels of chromatin packing

2 nm DNA dubbele helix


10 nm Organisatie rond histonen = eiwit octameer



30 nm Toestand in de kern



300 nm Hechting aan protein scaffold



700 nm


1400 nm Metafase chromosoom


Voor de deling wordt elke DNA-helix verdubbeld1 chromosoom bestaande uit 2
zusterchromatidenzusterchromatiden gaan uiteen2 chromosomen

De fasen van de celdeling
Interfase Mitotische fase

G1. S G2 M C
Mitose = kerndeling, cytokinese = cytoplasma deling

Profase, prometafase, metafase, anafase, telofase

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