N205 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Infant Heart Rate (1-12 months) - Answers :80-150 bpm
Toddler Heart Rate - Answers :70-120 bpm
Preschooler Heart Rate - Answers :65-110 bpm
School-Age Child Heart Rate - Answers :60-100 bpm
Adolescent Heart Rate - Answers :55-95 bpm
Infant respiratory rate - Answers :25-55 breaths per min
Toddler respiratory rate - Answers :20-30/minute
preschooler respiratory rate - Answers :20-25/minute
School-age child respiratory rate - Answers :14-26 / minute
Adolescent respiratory rate - Answers :12-20/minute
When do the anterior fontanels close? - Answers :9-18 months
When do the posterior fontanels close? - Answers :2 months
Grade 1 heart murmur - Answers :Barely audible; sometimes heard, sometimes not.
Usually heard only with intense concentrations
Grade 2 heart murmur - Answers :Quiet, soft; heard each time the chest is auscultated
Grade 3 heart murmur - Answers :Audible, intermediate intensity
Grade 4 heart murmur - Answers :Audible, with a palpable thrill
Grade 5 heart murmur - Answers :Loud, audible with edge of the stethoscope lifted off
the chest
Grade 6 heart murmur - Answers :Very loud, audible with the stethoscope placed near
but not touching the chest
Main reason for hospitalization in children younger than 5 years? - Answers
:Respiratory diseases
3 stages of separation anxiety - Answers :1. protest- crying when parents leave
, 2. despair- sad and depressed when crying stops
3. detachment- deny their need for the parent and become detached or disinterested in
their visits
-Separation anxiety is most pronounced in toddlers
child life specialist - Answers :A trained professional who specializes in the psychosocial
care of and communication with pediatric patients and their families.
Erikson's Theory: Birth- 1 year - Answers :trust vs mistrust
Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care and affection.
A lack of this will lead to mistrust.
Erikson's Theory: 1-3 years old (toddler) - Answers :Autonomy vs shame & doubt
Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of
independence. Success leads to feeling of autonomy, failure results in feelings of
shame and doubt.
Erikson's Theory: 3-6 years old (preschooler) - Answers :Initiative vs guilt
Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in
this state leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power
experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.
Erikson's Theory: 6-12 years old (School-age) - Answers :Industry vs inferiority
Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a
sense of competence, while failure results in feeling of inferiority.
Erikson's theory: 11-20 years (Adolescent) - Answers :Identity vs. role confusion
Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability
to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
Age 0-2 years - Answers :Sensorimotor stage
Coordination of senses with motor responses, sensory curiosity about the world.
Language used for demands and cataloguing. Object permanence is developed
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
Age 2-7 years - Answers :Preoperational
Symbolic thinking, use of proper syntax and grammar to express concepts. Imagination
and intuition are strong, but complex abstract thoughts are still difficult. Conservation is
developed.
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
Age 7-11 years - Answers :Concrete operational
Concepts attached to concrete situations. Time, space, and quantity are understood
and can be applied, but not as independent concepts.
Infant Heart Rate (1-12 months) - Answers :80-150 bpm
Toddler Heart Rate - Answers :70-120 bpm
Preschooler Heart Rate - Answers :65-110 bpm
School-Age Child Heart Rate - Answers :60-100 bpm
Adolescent Heart Rate - Answers :55-95 bpm
Infant respiratory rate - Answers :25-55 breaths per min
Toddler respiratory rate - Answers :20-30/minute
preschooler respiratory rate - Answers :20-25/minute
School-age child respiratory rate - Answers :14-26 / minute
Adolescent respiratory rate - Answers :12-20/minute
When do the anterior fontanels close? - Answers :9-18 months
When do the posterior fontanels close? - Answers :2 months
Grade 1 heart murmur - Answers :Barely audible; sometimes heard, sometimes not.
Usually heard only with intense concentrations
Grade 2 heart murmur - Answers :Quiet, soft; heard each time the chest is auscultated
Grade 3 heart murmur - Answers :Audible, intermediate intensity
Grade 4 heart murmur - Answers :Audible, with a palpable thrill
Grade 5 heart murmur - Answers :Loud, audible with edge of the stethoscope lifted off
the chest
Grade 6 heart murmur - Answers :Very loud, audible with the stethoscope placed near
but not touching the chest
Main reason for hospitalization in children younger than 5 years? - Answers
:Respiratory diseases
3 stages of separation anxiety - Answers :1. protest- crying when parents leave
, 2. despair- sad and depressed when crying stops
3. detachment- deny their need for the parent and become detached or disinterested in
their visits
-Separation anxiety is most pronounced in toddlers
child life specialist - Answers :A trained professional who specializes in the psychosocial
care of and communication with pediatric patients and their families.
Erikson's Theory: Birth- 1 year - Answers :trust vs mistrust
Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care and affection.
A lack of this will lead to mistrust.
Erikson's Theory: 1-3 years old (toddler) - Answers :Autonomy vs shame & doubt
Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of
independence. Success leads to feeling of autonomy, failure results in feelings of
shame and doubt.
Erikson's Theory: 3-6 years old (preschooler) - Answers :Initiative vs guilt
Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in
this state leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power
experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.
Erikson's Theory: 6-12 years old (School-age) - Answers :Industry vs inferiority
Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a
sense of competence, while failure results in feeling of inferiority.
Erikson's theory: 11-20 years (Adolescent) - Answers :Identity vs. role confusion
Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability
to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
Age 0-2 years - Answers :Sensorimotor stage
Coordination of senses with motor responses, sensory curiosity about the world.
Language used for demands and cataloguing. Object permanence is developed
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
Age 2-7 years - Answers :Preoperational
Symbolic thinking, use of proper syntax and grammar to express concepts. Imagination
and intuition are strong, but complex abstract thoughts are still difficult. Conservation is
developed.
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
Age 7-11 years - Answers :Concrete operational
Concepts attached to concrete situations. Time, space, and quantity are understood
and can be applied, but not as independent concepts.
