BSC 1020 HUMAN BIO CHAPTER 13-14 PEARSON
The advantage of using complex carbohydrates as an energy source rather than simple
carbohydrates is that __________. - Answers :complex carbohydrates release energy
more slowly, and so they provide a more sustained source of energy (Complex
carbohydrates must be broken down into individual sugar units, resulting in a sustained
release of energy)
What do the enzymes pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and carboxypeptidase have in
common? - Answers :They are enzymes that participate in protein digestion.
What is a drawback for an individual wishing to eat organic foods? - Answers :Organic
foods are generally more expensive.
Which of the following might be true of an individual unable to synthesize and secrete
intrinsic factor? - Answers :He or she would be unable to absorb adequate amounts of
vitamin B12
All of the following are secreted into the lumen of the digestive tract during the process
of digestion, EXCEPT __________. - Answers :hormones
Bile is produced by the __________ and stored by the __________. - Answers :liver;
gallbladder (Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.)
The gastrointestinal tract is composed of __________. - Answers :the hollow organs of
the digestive system (The hollow organs of the digestive system form the
gastrointestinal tract, a hollow tube that runs from the mouth to the anus.)
Mucin, a component of saliva, functions to __________. - Answers :hold food particles
together(Mucin contains mucous and helps to hold food particles together.)
Most of the digestion that takes place in the small intestine occurs in the __________. -
Answers :duodenum (The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine and the
site of most digestion.)
Nonsteroid hormones are usually faster-acting than steroid hormones because
__________. - Answers :they activate proteins that already exist within the cell
(Nonsteroid hormones bind to receptors on the target cell membrane and trigger events
within the cell with proteins that have already been produced.)
Which two hormones most directly regulate lactation? - Answers :oxytocin and prolactin
Regulation of digestive processes primarily involves the __________. - Answers
:stomach and small intestine (These are the primary sites of digestion and absorption,
so most regulation of digestion occurs within these organs.)
, Which of the GI tract tissue layers is most responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?
- Answers :muscularis
Which of the following would be triggered by a drop in blood Ca2+ levels? - Answers
:both increase in PTH secretion and decrease in calcitonin secretion
Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland control the activity of all of the
following glands, EXCEPT the __________. - Answers :adrenal medulla
Malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter may result in __________. - Answers
:acid reflux (The lower esophageal sphincter opens to allow food to pass into the
stomach and closes to prevent food from flowing back into the esophagus; if it
malfunctions, the acid fluids of the stomach may flow back into the esophagus.)
Once nutrients are absorbed into the circulatory system, the next major organ they pass
through is the __________. - Answers :liver
The hepatic portal system delivers nutrient-rich blood from the __________ to the
__________. - Answers :GI tract; liver (The hepatic portal system connects the GI tract
to the liver and delivers nutrient-rich blood to the liver.)
Which of the following statements about the adrenal cortex or its hormones is true? -
Answers :The adrenal cortex secretes hormones that may decrease the inflammatory
response and suppress immune responses.
This gaseous chemical messenger regulates local blood flow in various tissues. -
Answers :nitric oxide (One function of the gaseous chemical messenger nitric oxide is
the regulation of local blood flow.)
The kidneys secrete both __________. - Answers :renin and erythropoietin (These are
secreted by the kidneys.)
Steroid hormones exert their effect using __________. - Answers :a hormone-receptor
complex (Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, cross the cell membrane, and bind their
receptors inside the target cell.)
Your basal metabolic rate is __________. - Answers :the number of calories your body
needs each day to perform essential activities (Your basal metabolic rate is the amount
of energy your body requires for essential functions like breathing.)
Hormones produced in the anterior pituitary will be released in response to __________
produced by the __________. - Answers :releasing hormones; hypothalamus
(Releasing hormones are produced by the hypothalamus, and travel to the anterior
pituitary via the pituitary portal.)
The advantage of using complex carbohydrates as an energy source rather than simple
carbohydrates is that __________. - Answers :complex carbohydrates release energy
more slowly, and so they provide a more sustained source of energy (Complex
carbohydrates must be broken down into individual sugar units, resulting in a sustained
release of energy)
What do the enzymes pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and carboxypeptidase have in
common? - Answers :They are enzymes that participate in protein digestion.
What is a drawback for an individual wishing to eat organic foods? - Answers :Organic
foods are generally more expensive.
Which of the following might be true of an individual unable to synthesize and secrete
intrinsic factor? - Answers :He or she would be unable to absorb adequate amounts of
vitamin B12
All of the following are secreted into the lumen of the digestive tract during the process
of digestion, EXCEPT __________. - Answers :hormones
Bile is produced by the __________ and stored by the __________. - Answers :liver;
gallbladder (Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.)
The gastrointestinal tract is composed of __________. - Answers :the hollow organs of
the digestive system (The hollow organs of the digestive system form the
gastrointestinal tract, a hollow tube that runs from the mouth to the anus.)
Mucin, a component of saliva, functions to __________. - Answers :hold food particles
together(Mucin contains mucous and helps to hold food particles together.)
Most of the digestion that takes place in the small intestine occurs in the __________. -
Answers :duodenum (The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine and the
site of most digestion.)
Nonsteroid hormones are usually faster-acting than steroid hormones because
__________. - Answers :they activate proteins that already exist within the cell
(Nonsteroid hormones bind to receptors on the target cell membrane and trigger events
within the cell with proteins that have already been produced.)
Which two hormones most directly regulate lactation? - Answers :oxytocin and prolactin
Regulation of digestive processes primarily involves the __________. - Answers
:stomach and small intestine (These are the primary sites of digestion and absorption,
so most regulation of digestion occurs within these organs.)
, Which of the GI tract tissue layers is most responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?
- Answers :muscularis
Which of the following would be triggered by a drop in blood Ca2+ levels? - Answers
:both increase in PTH secretion and decrease in calcitonin secretion
Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland control the activity of all of the
following glands, EXCEPT the __________. - Answers :adrenal medulla
Malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter may result in __________. - Answers
:acid reflux (The lower esophageal sphincter opens to allow food to pass into the
stomach and closes to prevent food from flowing back into the esophagus; if it
malfunctions, the acid fluids of the stomach may flow back into the esophagus.)
Once nutrients are absorbed into the circulatory system, the next major organ they pass
through is the __________. - Answers :liver
The hepatic portal system delivers nutrient-rich blood from the __________ to the
__________. - Answers :GI tract; liver (The hepatic portal system connects the GI tract
to the liver and delivers nutrient-rich blood to the liver.)
Which of the following statements about the adrenal cortex or its hormones is true? -
Answers :The adrenal cortex secretes hormones that may decrease the inflammatory
response and suppress immune responses.
This gaseous chemical messenger regulates local blood flow in various tissues. -
Answers :nitric oxide (One function of the gaseous chemical messenger nitric oxide is
the regulation of local blood flow.)
The kidneys secrete both __________. - Answers :renin and erythropoietin (These are
secreted by the kidneys.)
Steroid hormones exert their effect using __________. - Answers :a hormone-receptor
complex (Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, cross the cell membrane, and bind their
receptors inside the target cell.)
Your basal metabolic rate is __________. - Answers :the number of calories your body
needs each day to perform essential activities (Your basal metabolic rate is the amount
of energy your body requires for essential functions like breathing.)
Hormones produced in the anterior pituitary will be released in response to __________
produced by the __________. - Answers :releasing hormones; hypothalamus
(Releasing hormones are produced by the hypothalamus, and travel to the anterior
pituitary via the pituitary portal.)
