4/3/25, 5:44 MED SURG exam 2 NR 324 |
PM
MED SURG EXAM 2 NR 324 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (42)
The nurse is unable to flush a Correct answer: d. instruct the patient to change positions, raise arm, and cough.
central venous access device and
suspects Rationale: Interventions for catheter occlusion include instructing the patient to
occlusion. The best nursing change position, raise an arm, and cough; assessing for and alleviating clamping
intervention would be to or kinking of the tube; flushing the catheter with normal saline through a 10-mL
a.apply warm moist compresses to syringe (do not force flush); using fluoroscopy to determine cause and site of
the insertion site. occlusion; and instilling anticoagulant or thrombolytic agents.
b. attempt to force 10 mL of normal
saline into the device.
c. place the patient on the left side
with head-down position.
d. instruct the patient to change positions,
raise arm, and cough.
endocardium - a thin inner
The heart is composed of 3 layers lining myocardium - a layer of
muscle epicardium - an outer
layer
the pericardium.
The heart is covered by a fibroserous sac this sac consists of 2 layers: the inside (visceral) layer of the pericardium (part of
called the epicardium) and the outer (parietal) layer. A small amount of pericardial fluid
lubricates the space between the pericardial layers (pericardial space) and
prevents friction between the surfaces as the heart contracts
____ prevent blood from regurgitating into The pulmonic and aortic valves (also known as semilunar valves)
the ventricles at the end of each
ventricular contraction
1/
5
, 4/3/25, 5:44 MED SURG exam 2 NR 324 |
PM
The conduction system is specialized sinoatrial (SA) node (the pacemaker of the heart)
nerve tissue responsible for creating and Each impulse coming from the SA node travels through interatrial pathways to
transporting the electrical impulse, or depolarize the atria, resulting in contraction.
action potential. This impulse starts
depolarization and subsequently cardiac
contraction. The electrical impulse is
normally started by the _____
Systole contraction of the myocardium, results in ejection of blood from the ventricles
Diastole relaxation of the myocardium. allows for filling of the ventricles
the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute
Cardiac output CO = SV X HR
for the normal adult at rest, CO is maintained in the range of 4 to 8 L/min
Preload determines the amount of stretch placed on myocardial fibers
Afterload the peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump
The nurse is caring for a client who is C. Blood pressure
receiving a medication to decrease
afterload. Which of the following
would the nurse assess to determine
the effectiveness of the medication
administered?
A. heart rate
B.lung sounds
C. blood pressure
D.jugular vein distention
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except for the pulmonary artery)
Veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart (except of the pulmonary veins)
increases HR, the speed of impulse conduction through the AV node, and the
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous force of atrial and ventricular contractions. This effect is mediated by specific sites
system in the heart called beta (B)-adrenergic receptors, which are receptors for
norepinephrine and epinephrine
mediated by the vagus nerve
stimulation of the parasympathetic
slows the HR by decreasing the impulses from the SA node, and thus conduction
nervous system
through the AV node
vasoconstriction
stimulation of the alpha (a)-adrenergic
the source of neural control of blood vessels is the sympathetic nervous system.
receptors
decreased stimulation to alpha (a)-adrenergic receptors causes vasodilation
Autonomic nervous system: in the aortic arch and carotid sinus (the origin of the internal carotid artery) are
Baroreceptors sensitive to stretch or pressure within the arterial system.
are located in the aortic and carotid bodies and the medulla. They are capable of
causing changes in respiratory rate and BP in response to increased arterial CO2
Autonomic nervous system:
pressure (hypercapnia) and, to a lesser degree, decreased plasma pH (acidosis)
Chemoreceptors
and arterial O2 pressure (hypoxia). When the chemoreceptors in the medulla are
triggered, they stimulate the vasomotor center to increase BP.
a measure of the pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the arterial
arterial blood pressure
system
systolic blood pressure (SBP) the peak pressure exerted against the arteries when the heart contracts
diastolic blood pressure (DBP) the residual pressure in the arterial system during ventricular relaxation (or filling)
the difference between SBP and DBP.
it is normally 1/3rd of the SBP
pulse pressure an increased pulse pressure due to an increased SBP may occur during exercise
or in individuals with atherosclerosis or larger arteries.
a decreased pulse pressure may be found in heart failure or hypovolemia
2/
5
PM
MED SURG EXAM 2 NR 324 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (42)
The nurse is unable to flush a Correct answer: d. instruct the patient to change positions, raise arm, and cough.
central venous access device and
suspects Rationale: Interventions for catheter occlusion include instructing the patient to
occlusion. The best nursing change position, raise an arm, and cough; assessing for and alleviating clamping
intervention would be to or kinking of the tube; flushing the catheter with normal saline through a 10-mL
a.apply warm moist compresses to syringe (do not force flush); using fluoroscopy to determine cause and site of
the insertion site. occlusion; and instilling anticoagulant or thrombolytic agents.
b. attempt to force 10 mL of normal
saline into the device.
c. place the patient on the left side
with head-down position.
d. instruct the patient to change positions,
raise arm, and cough.
endocardium - a thin inner
The heart is composed of 3 layers lining myocardium - a layer of
muscle epicardium - an outer
layer
the pericardium.
The heart is covered by a fibroserous sac this sac consists of 2 layers: the inside (visceral) layer of the pericardium (part of
called the epicardium) and the outer (parietal) layer. A small amount of pericardial fluid
lubricates the space between the pericardial layers (pericardial space) and
prevents friction between the surfaces as the heart contracts
____ prevent blood from regurgitating into The pulmonic and aortic valves (also known as semilunar valves)
the ventricles at the end of each
ventricular contraction
1/
5
, 4/3/25, 5:44 MED SURG exam 2 NR 324 |
PM
The conduction system is specialized sinoatrial (SA) node (the pacemaker of the heart)
nerve tissue responsible for creating and Each impulse coming from the SA node travels through interatrial pathways to
transporting the electrical impulse, or depolarize the atria, resulting in contraction.
action potential. This impulse starts
depolarization and subsequently cardiac
contraction. The electrical impulse is
normally started by the _____
Systole contraction of the myocardium, results in ejection of blood from the ventricles
Diastole relaxation of the myocardium. allows for filling of the ventricles
the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute
Cardiac output CO = SV X HR
for the normal adult at rest, CO is maintained in the range of 4 to 8 L/min
Preload determines the amount of stretch placed on myocardial fibers
Afterload the peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump
The nurse is caring for a client who is C. Blood pressure
receiving a medication to decrease
afterload. Which of the following
would the nurse assess to determine
the effectiveness of the medication
administered?
A. heart rate
B.lung sounds
C. blood pressure
D.jugular vein distention
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except for the pulmonary artery)
Veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart (except of the pulmonary veins)
increases HR, the speed of impulse conduction through the AV node, and the
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous force of atrial and ventricular contractions. This effect is mediated by specific sites
system in the heart called beta (B)-adrenergic receptors, which are receptors for
norepinephrine and epinephrine
mediated by the vagus nerve
stimulation of the parasympathetic
slows the HR by decreasing the impulses from the SA node, and thus conduction
nervous system
through the AV node
vasoconstriction
stimulation of the alpha (a)-adrenergic
the source of neural control of blood vessels is the sympathetic nervous system.
receptors
decreased stimulation to alpha (a)-adrenergic receptors causes vasodilation
Autonomic nervous system: in the aortic arch and carotid sinus (the origin of the internal carotid artery) are
Baroreceptors sensitive to stretch or pressure within the arterial system.
are located in the aortic and carotid bodies and the medulla. They are capable of
causing changes in respiratory rate and BP in response to increased arterial CO2
Autonomic nervous system:
pressure (hypercapnia) and, to a lesser degree, decreased plasma pH (acidosis)
Chemoreceptors
and arterial O2 pressure (hypoxia). When the chemoreceptors in the medulla are
triggered, they stimulate the vasomotor center to increase BP.
a measure of the pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the arterial
arterial blood pressure
system
systolic blood pressure (SBP) the peak pressure exerted against the arteries when the heart contracts
diastolic blood pressure (DBP) the residual pressure in the arterial system during ventricular relaxation (or filling)
the difference between SBP and DBP.
it is normally 1/3rd of the SBP
pulse pressure an increased pulse pressure due to an increased SBP may occur during exercise
or in individuals with atherosclerosis or larger arteries.
a decreased pulse pressure may be found in heart failure or hypovolemia
2/
5
