4/3/25, 5:45 NR 324-exam 1 fluid and electrolytes and respiratory |
PM
NR 324-EXAM 1 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES AND RESPIRATORY EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (162)
paO2 80-100 mm Hg
pH 7.35-7.45
low pH acidic
high pH alkalosis
pa CO2 35-45 mm Hg
HCO3 22-26 mEq/L
respiratory acidosis low pH, high co2, normal bicarbonate
respiratory depression from anesthesia, overdose, increased intracranial pressure,
causes of respiratory acidosis airway obstruction from decreased alveolar capillary diffusion like pneumonia,
COPD, ARDS, AND PE
hypoventilation (hypoxia), rapid, shallow respirations, decrease in BP, skin/mucous
signs/symptoms of respiratory acidosis pale to cyanotic, headache, hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias, drowsiness, dizziness,
disorientation, muscle weakness, hyperreflexia
ventilator, arterial blood gas, low-dose oxygen in chronic conditions, high-dose
Nursing management of oxygen in acute hypoxia with acidosis, I/O, promote the release of CO2,
respiratory acidosis turn/cough/deep breathe, assume semi-high fowlers position, clear respiratory
secretions, colors of skin, mucous membranes
respiratory alkalosis high pH, low co2 and normal bicarbonate
high pH, low co2 and hyperventilation, initial stages of pulmonary emboli,
causes of respiratory alkalosis
hypoxia, fever, pregnancy, high altitudes, and anxiety
seizures, deep/rapid breathing, hyperventilation, tachycardia, decrease BP,
signs/symptoms of respiratory alkalosis hypokalemia, numbness/tingling in extremities, lethargy/confusion, light
headedness, N/V
kidneys retain H+ ions, use a rebreather mask or paper bag, sedatives, monitor
nursing management of respiratory
respiratory rate/depth, tachycardia, low BP, serum K+ levels/ECG levels, hydration
alkalosis
status I/O, check for toxicities
metabolic acidosis low ph, normal co2 and low bicarbonate
compensatory hyperventilation (kussmaul respirations), headache, decreased BP,
metabolic acidosis signs/symptoms
hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm/flushed skin, N/D/V, changes in LOC,
low ph/low bicarbonate, diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, sepsis, severe diarrhea, and
causes of metabolic acidosis
renal failure
what goes up in acidosis potassium
BUN, creatinine, hemoglobin/hematocrit levels, monitor hydration,
metabolic acidosis nursing management
turn/cough/deep breathe, ABG's, check K, Ca usually goes down, weights, vitals
metabolic alkalosis high ph, normal co2, and high hco3
high ph, high bicarb and severe vomiting, excessive GI suctioning, diuretics, and
causes of metabolic alkalosis
excessive NaHCO3
restlessness (lethargy), confusion, dizzy, irritable, dysrhythmias, compensatory
metabolic alkalosis signs/symptoms hypoventilation, N/V/D, tremors, muscle cramps, tingling of fingers and toes,
dehydration
monitor ECG's, ABG's for pH, K, Ca levels, LOC checks for tetany, tremors, muscle
metabolic alkalosis nursing management
cramps, tingling,
what is hyperkalemia frequently metabolic acidosis
associated with
1/
5
, 4/3/25, 5:45 NR 324-exam 1 fluid and electrolytes and respiratory |
PM
what is a compensatory mechanism decreased respiratory rate and depth to retain CO2 and kidney excretion of
for metabolic alkalosis bicarbonate
rapid oral ingestion of water, infusions of D5%W hypotonic fluid at excess, massive
excessive intake causes
replacement of water without NA
decreased output causes renal failure
heart failure, water intoxication, liver cirrhosis, SIADH, lung cancer, renal failure,
fluid volume excess causes
primary polydipsia, long term use of cortiosteroids
headache, JVD, increased weight, edema, ascites, elevated blood pressure,
crackles in lungs, confusion, decreased urine specific gravity, pitting edema, high
fluid volume excess clinical manifestations
BP, presence of s3, tachycardia, bounding pulse, changes in LOC, seizures, low
pulse ox (below 89%), seizures, coma, muscle spasms, dyspnea
frequent respiratory assessments and LOC, watch for edema, cardiovascular
fluid volume excess nursing management checks, daily weights, fluid restriction, measure intake and output, decrease
sodium intake, diuretics
elderly, profuse sweating, v/d, NG tubes, trauma r/t bleeding, pts NPO, AMS,
fluid volume deficit population
surgical patients, laxativies, diruetics
water loss, perspiration, diabetes insipidus, osmotic diuresis, hemorrhage, GI
fluid volume deficit causes losses like vomiting, NG suctioning, diarrhea, fistula drainage, overuse of diuretics,
inadequate fluid intake, third space shifts, burns, intestinal obstruction
restlessness, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion, thirst, dry mucous membranes,
decreased skin turgor, decreased cap refill, postural hypotension, increased pulse
fluid volume deficit signs/symptoms
120, decreased CVP, decreased urine output, concentrated urine, increased
respiratory rate, weakness, dizziness, seizures, coma, decreased BP 86/50
intake/output, cardiovascular changes, LOC changes, pupillary response,
responsiveness, voluntary movement, patient safety, seizure precautions, fall
fluid volume deficit nursing interventions
precautions, daily weights, skin assessment for turgor/color/dryness, pitting
edema, administer IV fluids
dehydration loss of water alone without sodium, cell shrinks
sodium greater than 145, intake excessive, IV fluids (hypertonic Nacl, IV sodium
bicarbonate), hypertonic tube feedings without water supplements, near-
drowning in salt water, inadequate water intake (cog impaired), excessive water
hypernatremia causes
loss (heatstroke, high fever), osmotic diuretic therapy, diarrhea, disease states like
DI, primary hyperaldosteronism, cushing syndrome, uncontrolled diabetes
mellitus
signs of thirst, fever, dry mucous membranes, hypotension, tachycardia, low
hypernatremia; fluid volume deficit
jugular venous pressure and restlessness, weakness, change of LOC, thready
signs/symptoms
pulses
administer hypotonic solution if na known, administer isotonic solution if na is not
nursing management of hypernatremia
known, if corrected too quickly can cause cerebral edema
treat the cause, add water to balance sodium, or replace sodium and water,
monitor I/O, urine specific gravity greater than 1.025, pulses, tachycardia,
hypernatremia nursing interventions
tachypnea, changes in sensorium, daily weights, skin turgor and mucous
membranes
which of the follow interventions does the observe and prepare for possible seizures
nurse complete when caring for a client
admitted with a sodium level of 152
mEq/L
sodium is less than 135 mEq/L, vomiting, diuretics, gastrointestinal suctioning,
hyponatremia causes diarrhea, inadequate salt intake, fluid shift from the ICF to the ECF by hypertonic
solutions which leads to dilutional hyponatremia
1 is too much volume, so decrease in sodium to correct give diuretic and 2 is
two phases of hyponatremia
loss of sodium from other sources to correct on individual basis
2/
5
PM
NR 324-EXAM 1 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES AND RESPIRATORY EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (162)
paO2 80-100 mm Hg
pH 7.35-7.45
low pH acidic
high pH alkalosis
pa CO2 35-45 mm Hg
HCO3 22-26 mEq/L
respiratory acidosis low pH, high co2, normal bicarbonate
respiratory depression from anesthesia, overdose, increased intracranial pressure,
causes of respiratory acidosis airway obstruction from decreased alveolar capillary diffusion like pneumonia,
COPD, ARDS, AND PE
hypoventilation (hypoxia), rapid, shallow respirations, decrease in BP, skin/mucous
signs/symptoms of respiratory acidosis pale to cyanotic, headache, hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias, drowsiness, dizziness,
disorientation, muscle weakness, hyperreflexia
ventilator, arterial blood gas, low-dose oxygen in chronic conditions, high-dose
Nursing management of oxygen in acute hypoxia with acidosis, I/O, promote the release of CO2,
respiratory acidosis turn/cough/deep breathe, assume semi-high fowlers position, clear respiratory
secretions, colors of skin, mucous membranes
respiratory alkalosis high pH, low co2 and normal bicarbonate
high pH, low co2 and hyperventilation, initial stages of pulmonary emboli,
causes of respiratory alkalosis
hypoxia, fever, pregnancy, high altitudes, and anxiety
seizures, deep/rapid breathing, hyperventilation, tachycardia, decrease BP,
signs/symptoms of respiratory alkalosis hypokalemia, numbness/tingling in extremities, lethargy/confusion, light
headedness, N/V
kidneys retain H+ ions, use a rebreather mask or paper bag, sedatives, monitor
nursing management of respiratory
respiratory rate/depth, tachycardia, low BP, serum K+ levels/ECG levels, hydration
alkalosis
status I/O, check for toxicities
metabolic acidosis low ph, normal co2 and low bicarbonate
compensatory hyperventilation (kussmaul respirations), headache, decreased BP,
metabolic acidosis signs/symptoms
hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm/flushed skin, N/D/V, changes in LOC,
low ph/low bicarbonate, diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, sepsis, severe diarrhea, and
causes of metabolic acidosis
renal failure
what goes up in acidosis potassium
BUN, creatinine, hemoglobin/hematocrit levels, monitor hydration,
metabolic acidosis nursing management
turn/cough/deep breathe, ABG's, check K, Ca usually goes down, weights, vitals
metabolic alkalosis high ph, normal co2, and high hco3
high ph, high bicarb and severe vomiting, excessive GI suctioning, diuretics, and
causes of metabolic alkalosis
excessive NaHCO3
restlessness (lethargy), confusion, dizzy, irritable, dysrhythmias, compensatory
metabolic alkalosis signs/symptoms hypoventilation, N/V/D, tremors, muscle cramps, tingling of fingers and toes,
dehydration
monitor ECG's, ABG's for pH, K, Ca levels, LOC checks for tetany, tremors, muscle
metabolic alkalosis nursing management
cramps, tingling,
what is hyperkalemia frequently metabolic acidosis
associated with
1/
5
, 4/3/25, 5:45 NR 324-exam 1 fluid and electrolytes and respiratory |
PM
what is a compensatory mechanism decreased respiratory rate and depth to retain CO2 and kidney excretion of
for metabolic alkalosis bicarbonate
rapid oral ingestion of water, infusions of D5%W hypotonic fluid at excess, massive
excessive intake causes
replacement of water without NA
decreased output causes renal failure
heart failure, water intoxication, liver cirrhosis, SIADH, lung cancer, renal failure,
fluid volume excess causes
primary polydipsia, long term use of cortiosteroids
headache, JVD, increased weight, edema, ascites, elevated blood pressure,
crackles in lungs, confusion, decreased urine specific gravity, pitting edema, high
fluid volume excess clinical manifestations
BP, presence of s3, tachycardia, bounding pulse, changes in LOC, seizures, low
pulse ox (below 89%), seizures, coma, muscle spasms, dyspnea
frequent respiratory assessments and LOC, watch for edema, cardiovascular
fluid volume excess nursing management checks, daily weights, fluid restriction, measure intake and output, decrease
sodium intake, diuretics
elderly, profuse sweating, v/d, NG tubes, trauma r/t bleeding, pts NPO, AMS,
fluid volume deficit population
surgical patients, laxativies, diruetics
water loss, perspiration, diabetes insipidus, osmotic diuresis, hemorrhage, GI
fluid volume deficit causes losses like vomiting, NG suctioning, diarrhea, fistula drainage, overuse of diuretics,
inadequate fluid intake, third space shifts, burns, intestinal obstruction
restlessness, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion, thirst, dry mucous membranes,
decreased skin turgor, decreased cap refill, postural hypotension, increased pulse
fluid volume deficit signs/symptoms
120, decreased CVP, decreased urine output, concentrated urine, increased
respiratory rate, weakness, dizziness, seizures, coma, decreased BP 86/50
intake/output, cardiovascular changes, LOC changes, pupillary response,
responsiveness, voluntary movement, patient safety, seizure precautions, fall
fluid volume deficit nursing interventions
precautions, daily weights, skin assessment for turgor/color/dryness, pitting
edema, administer IV fluids
dehydration loss of water alone without sodium, cell shrinks
sodium greater than 145, intake excessive, IV fluids (hypertonic Nacl, IV sodium
bicarbonate), hypertonic tube feedings without water supplements, near-
drowning in salt water, inadequate water intake (cog impaired), excessive water
hypernatremia causes
loss (heatstroke, high fever), osmotic diuretic therapy, diarrhea, disease states like
DI, primary hyperaldosteronism, cushing syndrome, uncontrolled diabetes
mellitus
signs of thirst, fever, dry mucous membranes, hypotension, tachycardia, low
hypernatremia; fluid volume deficit
jugular venous pressure and restlessness, weakness, change of LOC, thready
signs/symptoms
pulses
administer hypotonic solution if na known, administer isotonic solution if na is not
nursing management of hypernatremia
known, if corrected too quickly can cause cerebral edema
treat the cause, add water to balance sodium, or replace sodium and water,
monitor I/O, urine specific gravity greater than 1.025, pulses, tachycardia,
hypernatremia nursing interventions
tachypnea, changes in sensorium, daily weights, skin turgor and mucous
membranes
which of the follow interventions does the observe and prepare for possible seizures
nurse complete when caring for a client
admitted with a sodium level of 152
mEq/L
sodium is less than 135 mEq/L, vomiting, diuretics, gastrointestinal suctioning,
hyponatremia causes diarrhea, inadequate salt intake, fluid shift from the ICF to the ECF by hypertonic
solutions which leads to dilutional hyponatremia
1 is too much volume, so decrease in sodium to correct give diuretic and 2 is
two phases of hyponatremia
loss of sodium from other sources to correct on individual basis
2/
5
