4/3/25, 5:45 Exam 1 NR 324 Adult Health 1 |
PM
EXAM 1 NR 324 ADULT HEALTH 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (241)
What age group has the highest Preterm / Neonates
percentage of water content?
Intracellular space (inside cells) located in the ICF
Two fluid compartments in the body
Extracellular space (outside cells) located in the ECF
ICF makes up what percent of total body 40%
weight?
What are the two main Interstitial fluid (fluid in the spaces between cells)
compartments containing ECF? Intravascular fluid (plasma)
What other Other compartments include lymph and transcellular fluids
compartments are there?
Cerebrospinal fluid, fluid in the gastrointestinal tract, and joint spaces as well
Transcellular fluid includes
as pleural, peritoneal, intraocular, and pericardial fluid.
1L of water =____lb. 2.2 lb (1kg)
The concentrations of electrolytes in milliequivalents (mEq) per Liter
body fluids is expressed in _________
ECF cation- sodium, with small amounts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium
ECF anion- chloride, with small amounts of bicarbonate, sulfate, and
What are the main Ions found in the ECF
phosphate anions.
and ICF
ICF cation- potassium, with small amounts of magnesium and sodium
ICF anion- phosphate, with some protein and a small amount of bicarbonate.
abnormal loss of normal body fluids, (D/V, hemorrhage, polyuria) inadequate
Hypovolemia (ECF volume deficit)
intake, or plasma-to-interstitial fluid shift
1/11
, 4/3/25, 5:45 Exam 1 NR 324 Adult Health 1 |
PM
Assessment- Restlessness, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion
• Thirst, dry mucous membranes
• Cold clammy skin
• Decreased skin turgor, ↓ capillary refill
• Postural hypotension, ↑ pulse, ↓ CVP
• ↓ Urine output, concentrated urine
• ↑ Respiratory rate
• Weakness, dizziness
• Weight loss
Fluid volume deficit • Seizures, coma
Assessment- Causes-Treatment-Client Causes- • ↑ Insensible water loss or perspiration (high fever, heatstroke)
education • Diabetes insipidus
• Osmotic diuresis
• Hemorrhage
• GI losses: vomiting, NG suction, diarrhea, fistula drainage
• Overuse of diuretics
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Third-space fluid shifts: burns, pancreatitis
Treatment- replace water and electrolytes with balanced IV solutions
Client education- Good skin care, if orthostatic hypotension is present, teach to
change positions slowly, remind patient to drink
Excessive intake of fluids, abnormal retention of fluids (HF or renal failure),
Hypervolemia (ECF volume excess)
or interstitial-to-plasma fluid shift
Assessment- • Headache, confusion, lethargy
• Peripheral edema
• Jugular venous distention
• S3 heart sound
• Bounding pulse, ↑ BP, ↑ CVP
• Polyuria (with normal renal function)
• Dyspnea, crackles, pulmonary edema
• Muscle spasms
• Weight gain
Fluid volume excess
• Seizures, coma
Assessment- Causes-Treatment-Client
Causes- • Excessive isotonic or hypotonic IV fluids
education
• Heart failure
• Renal failure
• Primary polydipsia
• SIADH
• Cushing syndrome
• Long-term use of corticosteroids
Treatment-Remove fluid without changing electrolyte composition or osmolality
of ECF
Client education- elevate edematous extremities
Diet is the source
Nutrition related to potassium -Fruit, dried fruits and vegetables
-Many salt substitutes contain substantial K+
-Daily intake far exceeds bodys daily requirments
Nutrition related to sodium
-Glucose promotes sodium and water absorption
initially raises the osmolality of ECF and expands it
Hypertonic solutions -higher osmotic pressure draws water out of the cells into the ECF
-Useful in treatment of hyponatremia and trauma patients with head injuries
has a similar concentration of water and electrolytes to plasma, with an
osmolality of 250 to 375 mOsm/L
Isotonic solutions -administering an isotonic solution expands only ECF and the fluid does not move
into cells
-the ideal fluid replacement for patients with ECF volume deficits
2/11
PM
EXAM 1 NR 324 ADULT HEALTH 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (241)
What age group has the highest Preterm / Neonates
percentage of water content?
Intracellular space (inside cells) located in the ICF
Two fluid compartments in the body
Extracellular space (outside cells) located in the ECF
ICF makes up what percent of total body 40%
weight?
What are the two main Interstitial fluid (fluid in the spaces between cells)
compartments containing ECF? Intravascular fluid (plasma)
What other Other compartments include lymph and transcellular fluids
compartments are there?
Cerebrospinal fluid, fluid in the gastrointestinal tract, and joint spaces as well
Transcellular fluid includes
as pleural, peritoneal, intraocular, and pericardial fluid.
1L of water =____lb. 2.2 lb (1kg)
The concentrations of electrolytes in milliequivalents (mEq) per Liter
body fluids is expressed in _________
ECF cation- sodium, with small amounts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium
ECF anion- chloride, with small amounts of bicarbonate, sulfate, and
What are the main Ions found in the ECF
phosphate anions.
and ICF
ICF cation- potassium, with small amounts of magnesium and sodium
ICF anion- phosphate, with some protein and a small amount of bicarbonate.
abnormal loss of normal body fluids, (D/V, hemorrhage, polyuria) inadequate
Hypovolemia (ECF volume deficit)
intake, or plasma-to-interstitial fluid shift
1/11
, 4/3/25, 5:45 Exam 1 NR 324 Adult Health 1 |
PM
Assessment- Restlessness, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion
• Thirst, dry mucous membranes
• Cold clammy skin
• Decreased skin turgor, ↓ capillary refill
• Postural hypotension, ↑ pulse, ↓ CVP
• ↓ Urine output, concentrated urine
• ↑ Respiratory rate
• Weakness, dizziness
• Weight loss
Fluid volume deficit • Seizures, coma
Assessment- Causes-Treatment-Client Causes- • ↑ Insensible water loss or perspiration (high fever, heatstroke)
education • Diabetes insipidus
• Osmotic diuresis
• Hemorrhage
• GI losses: vomiting, NG suction, diarrhea, fistula drainage
• Overuse of diuretics
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Third-space fluid shifts: burns, pancreatitis
Treatment- replace water and electrolytes with balanced IV solutions
Client education- Good skin care, if orthostatic hypotension is present, teach to
change positions slowly, remind patient to drink
Excessive intake of fluids, abnormal retention of fluids (HF or renal failure),
Hypervolemia (ECF volume excess)
or interstitial-to-plasma fluid shift
Assessment- • Headache, confusion, lethargy
• Peripheral edema
• Jugular venous distention
• S3 heart sound
• Bounding pulse, ↑ BP, ↑ CVP
• Polyuria (with normal renal function)
• Dyspnea, crackles, pulmonary edema
• Muscle spasms
• Weight gain
Fluid volume excess
• Seizures, coma
Assessment- Causes-Treatment-Client
Causes- • Excessive isotonic or hypotonic IV fluids
education
• Heart failure
• Renal failure
• Primary polydipsia
• SIADH
• Cushing syndrome
• Long-term use of corticosteroids
Treatment-Remove fluid without changing electrolyte composition or osmolality
of ECF
Client education- elevate edematous extremities
Diet is the source
Nutrition related to potassium -Fruit, dried fruits and vegetables
-Many salt substitutes contain substantial K+
-Daily intake far exceeds bodys daily requirments
Nutrition related to sodium
-Glucose promotes sodium and water absorption
initially raises the osmolality of ECF and expands it
Hypertonic solutions -higher osmotic pressure draws water out of the cells into the ECF
-Useful in treatment of hyponatremia and trauma patients with head injuries
has a similar concentration of water and electrolytes to plasma, with an
osmolality of 250 to 375 mOsm/L
Isotonic solutions -administering an isotonic solution expands only ECF and the fluid does not move
into cells
-the ideal fluid replacement for patients with ECF volume deficits
2/11
