NCLEX RN ACTUAL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Is a process of learning a different culture to adapt to a new or changing environment. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Acculturation.
It is a subjective perspective of the person's heritage and a sense of belonging to a
group - CORRECT ANSWER-Ethnic identity
Include meditation, relaxation techniques, imagery, music therapy, massage, touch,
laughter, humor, & spiritual measures (prayer). - CORRECT ANSWER-Low-risk
therapies:
Because of their health & dietary practices, Native Americans, Latino Americans,
Hispanic Americans, & African Americans. - CORRECT ANSWER-High risk of obesity &
diabetes mellitus
Surgery is not prohibited, but the administration of blood and blood products is
forbidden. This religious group believes the soul cannot live after death. Administration
of medication is an acceptable practice except if the medication is derived from blood
products. - CORRECT ANSWER-Jehovah's Witnesses
Believers adhere to dietary kosher laws. In this religion, the dairy-meat combination is
unacceptable. Only fish that have scales and fins are allowed; meats that are allowed
include animals that are vegetable eaters, cloven-hoofed, and ritually slaughtered. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Orthodox Judaism
include whole medical systems, mind-body medicine, biologically based practices,
manipulative & body-based practices, & energy medicine. - CORRECT ANSWER-Five
categories of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM):
Focused, maintains strong control, makes decisions, & addresses all problems.
Dominates group & commands, rather than seeks suggestions or input. Manager
addresses problem (quality improvement) with taff, designs a plan without input, &
wants all problems reported directly back to her - CORRECT ANSWER-Autocratic
leader
Participative & would likely meet with each staff person individually to determine staff
member's perception of problem. Would also speak with the staff about any issues &
ask the staff for input with developing a plan. - CORRECT ANSWER-Democratic leader
Passive and nondirective. Would state what the problem was & inform staff that the staff
needed to come up with a plan to "fix it." - CORRECT ANSWER-Laissez-faire leader
,Assessment findings include cough, dyspnea, crackles, tachypnea, tachycardia,
elevated blood pressure, bounding pulse, elevated CVP, weight gain, edema, neck &
hand vein distention, altered LOC, & decreased hematocrit. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Overhydration or fluid overload & occurs when fluid intake or fluid retention
Avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, carrots, fish, mushrooms, oranges, potatoes, pork,
beef, veal, raisins, spinach, strawberries, & tomatoes - CORRECT ANSWER-Common
food sources of potassium:
Muscle weakness, increased urinary output, & decreased specific gravity of the urine
would be noted - CORRECT ANSWER-Hyponatremia
Causative factors relate to malnutrition or starvation & the use of aluminum hydroxide-
based or magnesium-based antacids. Malnutrition is associated with alcoholism. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Hypophosphatemia
Renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, & tumor lysis syndrome; causative factors.
Should avoid foods high in phosphates; fish, eggs, milk products, vegetables, whole
grains, & carbonated beverages. - CORRECT ANSWER-Hyperphosphatemia
Vomiting, diarrhea, conditions that increased respiration's or increased urinary output,
insufficient intravenous fluid replacement, draining fistulas, presence of ileostomy or
colostomy. Diuretics, & gastrointestinal suctioning. - CORRECT ANSWER-Causes of a
fluid volume deficit
Decreased kidney function, heart failure, hypotonic fluids to replace isotonic fluid losses,
excessive irrigation of wounds & body cavities, & excessive ingestion of sodium. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Causes of overhydration or fluid overload:
Trauma, burns, sepsis, or metabolic or respiratory acidosis. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Hyperkalemia causes:
Cushing's syndrome or colitis & over use of laxatives. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Hypokalemia causes:
Decreased pH & decreased HCO3. Occurs in kidney disease; diabetic ketoacidosis;
high fat diet; insufficient metabolism of carbohydrates; malnutrition; ingestion of toxins,
such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin); malnutrition; severe diarrhea. Intestinal secretion
high in bicarbonate & may be lost through enteric drainage tubes, an ileostomy, or
diarrhea. - CORRECT ANSWER-Metabolic acidotic
Nausea & vomiting. Loss of gastric acid, cause pH & HCO3 to increase. Symptoms
experienced would include hypoventilation & tachycardia. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Metabolic alkalosis
,Decreased pH and an increased CO2. Hypoventalation & COPD - CORRECT
ANSWER-Respiratory acidotic
Increased pH & decreased CO2. Hyperventalation, Lethargy, lightheadedness,
confusion, tachycardia, dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting,
epigastric pain, numbness & tingling of extremities. Hyperventilation (tachypnea)
occurs. - CORRECT ANSWER-Respiratory alkalotic
Sample for PT & INR level to determine anticoagulation status & risk for bleeding -
CORRECT ANSWER-Warfarin (Coumadin)
aPTT monitors the effects. Anticoagulant used most often during hemodialysis. Monitors
extent of anticoagulation checking PTT, which is appropriate measure heparin effect.
Protamine sulfate is antidote. - CORRECT ANSWER-Heparin
Dark green leafy vegetables good source iron, oranges are a good source of vitamin C,
which enhances iron absorption. - CORRECT ANSWER-Iron deficiency anemia foods in
diet:
May lack B12 in diet. - CORRECT ANSWER-Vegans
Include fruits & vegetables - CORRECT ANSWER-Low sodium foods:
Highly processed or refined foods (tomato soup, instant oatmeal), Saltwater fish &
shellfish. Smoked foods, - CORRECT ANSWER-High Sodium foods:
Water, bouillon, clear broth, carbonated beverages, gelatin, hard candy, lemonade, ice
pops, and regular or decaffeinated coffee or tea. - CORRECT ANSWER-Clear liquid
diet:
Pulling, Vegetable juice, Pureed vegetables, plain ice cream, sherbet, breakfast drinks,
milk, pudding & custard, soups that are strained, refined cooked cereals, & strained
vegetable juices. - CORRECT ANSWER-Full liquid diet:
Pork products rich in this vitamin. Other good food sources include nuts, whole grain
cereals, & legumes. - CORRECT ANSWER-High Thiamine foods
On the left side, with the head lower than the feet. This position used to minimize effect
of air traveling as a bolus to lungs by trapping it in right side of heart. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Suspects air embolism. Should immediately place client in which position?
Assess for known allergies to eggs to prevent anaphylaxis. - CORRECT ANSWER-Fat
emulsion (lipids)
, Signs include excessive thirst, fatigue, restlessness, confusion, weakness, Kussmaul's
respirations, diuresis, & coma when severe. If has these symptoms, blood glucose level
should be checked immediately. - CORRECT ANSWER-Hyperglycemia:
Temperature and weight: Temperature monitored to detect infection, potential
complication of therapy. Infection also could result in sepsis because catheter in blood
vessel. Weight monitored for effectiveness nutritional therapy & detect hypervolemia. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Parenteral nutrition; PN monitor
Burns, exacerbation Crohn's disease, persistent nausea & vomiting due to
chemotherapy. Had extensive surgery, multiple fractures, are septic, have advanced
cancer or AIDS. (Electronic infusion pump used to administer) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Parenteral nutrition; Patients needing
10% dextrose in water until new PN solution becomes available. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Parenteral nutrition; If PN bag empty hang
IV dislodged from vein & is lying in subcutaneous tissue. Pallor, coolness, & swelling
are results of IV fluid being deposited in tissue. Corrective action is remove catheter &
start new IV line at another site. - CORRECT ANSWER-Infiltrated IV
Discomfort at site, redness, warmth, & swelling proximal to catheter. If phlebitis occurs,
discontinue IV line & insert new IV line at different site. Apply warm moist compresses
to area speed resolution of inflammation. Notify (HCP). Document occurrence, actions
taken, & client response. - CORRECT ANSWER-Phlebitis at IV site:
Produces a rash, redness, & itching. - CORRECT ANSWER-An allergic reaction at IV
site:
Characterized by ecchymosis, swelling, & leakage at IV insertion site, as well as hard &
painful lumps at site. - CORRECT ANSWER-Hematoma
Dyspnea, a swollen tongue, & cyanosis. - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypersensitivity
reaction:
Taught minor activity restrictions apply with this type of catheter. Protect site during
bathing & should carry or wear Medic-Alert ID. Have repair kit in home for use as
needed because catheter is for long-term use. - CORRECT ANSWER-PICC line
Before beginning administration IV solution, assess whether chest radiograph reveals
central catheter is in proper place. Portable chest X-ray. - CORRECT ANSWER-Central
venous catheter insertion:
Characterized by chills, fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, backache, &
tachycardia. - CORRECT ANSWER-Systemic infection
ANSWERS
Is a process of learning a different culture to adapt to a new or changing environment. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Acculturation.
It is a subjective perspective of the person's heritage and a sense of belonging to a
group - CORRECT ANSWER-Ethnic identity
Include meditation, relaxation techniques, imagery, music therapy, massage, touch,
laughter, humor, & spiritual measures (prayer). - CORRECT ANSWER-Low-risk
therapies:
Because of their health & dietary practices, Native Americans, Latino Americans,
Hispanic Americans, & African Americans. - CORRECT ANSWER-High risk of obesity &
diabetes mellitus
Surgery is not prohibited, but the administration of blood and blood products is
forbidden. This religious group believes the soul cannot live after death. Administration
of medication is an acceptable practice except if the medication is derived from blood
products. - CORRECT ANSWER-Jehovah's Witnesses
Believers adhere to dietary kosher laws. In this religion, the dairy-meat combination is
unacceptable. Only fish that have scales and fins are allowed; meats that are allowed
include animals that are vegetable eaters, cloven-hoofed, and ritually slaughtered. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Orthodox Judaism
include whole medical systems, mind-body medicine, biologically based practices,
manipulative & body-based practices, & energy medicine. - CORRECT ANSWER-Five
categories of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM):
Focused, maintains strong control, makes decisions, & addresses all problems.
Dominates group & commands, rather than seeks suggestions or input. Manager
addresses problem (quality improvement) with taff, designs a plan without input, &
wants all problems reported directly back to her - CORRECT ANSWER-Autocratic
leader
Participative & would likely meet with each staff person individually to determine staff
member's perception of problem. Would also speak with the staff about any issues &
ask the staff for input with developing a plan. - CORRECT ANSWER-Democratic leader
Passive and nondirective. Would state what the problem was & inform staff that the staff
needed to come up with a plan to "fix it." - CORRECT ANSWER-Laissez-faire leader
,Assessment findings include cough, dyspnea, crackles, tachypnea, tachycardia,
elevated blood pressure, bounding pulse, elevated CVP, weight gain, edema, neck &
hand vein distention, altered LOC, & decreased hematocrit. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Overhydration or fluid overload & occurs when fluid intake or fluid retention
Avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, carrots, fish, mushrooms, oranges, potatoes, pork,
beef, veal, raisins, spinach, strawberries, & tomatoes - CORRECT ANSWER-Common
food sources of potassium:
Muscle weakness, increased urinary output, & decreased specific gravity of the urine
would be noted - CORRECT ANSWER-Hyponatremia
Causative factors relate to malnutrition or starvation & the use of aluminum hydroxide-
based or magnesium-based antacids. Malnutrition is associated with alcoholism. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Hypophosphatemia
Renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, & tumor lysis syndrome; causative factors.
Should avoid foods high in phosphates; fish, eggs, milk products, vegetables, whole
grains, & carbonated beverages. - CORRECT ANSWER-Hyperphosphatemia
Vomiting, diarrhea, conditions that increased respiration's or increased urinary output,
insufficient intravenous fluid replacement, draining fistulas, presence of ileostomy or
colostomy. Diuretics, & gastrointestinal suctioning. - CORRECT ANSWER-Causes of a
fluid volume deficit
Decreased kidney function, heart failure, hypotonic fluids to replace isotonic fluid losses,
excessive irrigation of wounds & body cavities, & excessive ingestion of sodium. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Causes of overhydration or fluid overload:
Trauma, burns, sepsis, or metabolic or respiratory acidosis. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Hyperkalemia causes:
Cushing's syndrome or colitis & over use of laxatives. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Hypokalemia causes:
Decreased pH & decreased HCO3. Occurs in kidney disease; diabetic ketoacidosis;
high fat diet; insufficient metabolism of carbohydrates; malnutrition; ingestion of toxins,
such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin); malnutrition; severe diarrhea. Intestinal secretion
high in bicarbonate & may be lost through enteric drainage tubes, an ileostomy, or
diarrhea. - CORRECT ANSWER-Metabolic acidotic
Nausea & vomiting. Loss of gastric acid, cause pH & HCO3 to increase. Symptoms
experienced would include hypoventilation & tachycardia. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Metabolic alkalosis
,Decreased pH and an increased CO2. Hypoventalation & COPD - CORRECT
ANSWER-Respiratory acidotic
Increased pH & decreased CO2. Hyperventalation, Lethargy, lightheadedness,
confusion, tachycardia, dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting,
epigastric pain, numbness & tingling of extremities. Hyperventilation (tachypnea)
occurs. - CORRECT ANSWER-Respiratory alkalotic
Sample for PT & INR level to determine anticoagulation status & risk for bleeding -
CORRECT ANSWER-Warfarin (Coumadin)
aPTT monitors the effects. Anticoagulant used most often during hemodialysis. Monitors
extent of anticoagulation checking PTT, which is appropriate measure heparin effect.
Protamine sulfate is antidote. - CORRECT ANSWER-Heparin
Dark green leafy vegetables good source iron, oranges are a good source of vitamin C,
which enhances iron absorption. - CORRECT ANSWER-Iron deficiency anemia foods in
diet:
May lack B12 in diet. - CORRECT ANSWER-Vegans
Include fruits & vegetables - CORRECT ANSWER-Low sodium foods:
Highly processed or refined foods (tomato soup, instant oatmeal), Saltwater fish &
shellfish. Smoked foods, - CORRECT ANSWER-High Sodium foods:
Water, bouillon, clear broth, carbonated beverages, gelatin, hard candy, lemonade, ice
pops, and regular or decaffeinated coffee or tea. - CORRECT ANSWER-Clear liquid
diet:
Pulling, Vegetable juice, Pureed vegetables, plain ice cream, sherbet, breakfast drinks,
milk, pudding & custard, soups that are strained, refined cooked cereals, & strained
vegetable juices. - CORRECT ANSWER-Full liquid diet:
Pork products rich in this vitamin. Other good food sources include nuts, whole grain
cereals, & legumes. - CORRECT ANSWER-High Thiamine foods
On the left side, with the head lower than the feet. This position used to minimize effect
of air traveling as a bolus to lungs by trapping it in right side of heart. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Suspects air embolism. Should immediately place client in which position?
Assess for known allergies to eggs to prevent anaphylaxis. - CORRECT ANSWER-Fat
emulsion (lipids)
, Signs include excessive thirst, fatigue, restlessness, confusion, weakness, Kussmaul's
respirations, diuresis, & coma when severe. If has these symptoms, blood glucose level
should be checked immediately. - CORRECT ANSWER-Hyperglycemia:
Temperature and weight: Temperature monitored to detect infection, potential
complication of therapy. Infection also could result in sepsis because catheter in blood
vessel. Weight monitored for effectiveness nutritional therapy & detect hypervolemia. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Parenteral nutrition; PN monitor
Burns, exacerbation Crohn's disease, persistent nausea & vomiting due to
chemotherapy. Had extensive surgery, multiple fractures, are septic, have advanced
cancer or AIDS. (Electronic infusion pump used to administer) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Parenteral nutrition; Patients needing
10% dextrose in water until new PN solution becomes available. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Parenteral nutrition; If PN bag empty hang
IV dislodged from vein & is lying in subcutaneous tissue. Pallor, coolness, & swelling
are results of IV fluid being deposited in tissue. Corrective action is remove catheter &
start new IV line at another site. - CORRECT ANSWER-Infiltrated IV
Discomfort at site, redness, warmth, & swelling proximal to catheter. If phlebitis occurs,
discontinue IV line & insert new IV line at different site. Apply warm moist compresses
to area speed resolution of inflammation. Notify (HCP). Document occurrence, actions
taken, & client response. - CORRECT ANSWER-Phlebitis at IV site:
Produces a rash, redness, & itching. - CORRECT ANSWER-An allergic reaction at IV
site:
Characterized by ecchymosis, swelling, & leakage at IV insertion site, as well as hard &
painful lumps at site. - CORRECT ANSWER-Hematoma
Dyspnea, a swollen tongue, & cyanosis. - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypersensitivity
reaction:
Taught minor activity restrictions apply with this type of catheter. Protect site during
bathing & should carry or wear Medic-Alert ID. Have repair kit in home for use as
needed because catheter is for long-term use. - CORRECT ANSWER-PICC line
Before beginning administration IV solution, assess whether chest radiograph reveals
central catheter is in proper place. Portable chest X-ray. - CORRECT ANSWER-Central
venous catheter insertion:
Characterized by chills, fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, backache, &
tachycardia. - CORRECT ANSWER-Systemic infection
