NSG552 Psychopharmacology Exam 1 |Module 1-3 questions and answers

NSG552 Psychopharmacology Exam 1 |Module 1-3 questions and answers Upregulation - ANSWER -Refers to the activiation of the nervous system. Is the process by which a cell increases its response to a subtance or signal from outside the cell to carry out a specific response downregulation - ANSWER -Refers to state of calm/relation within nervous system. Characterized by a decreased response by a cell to a molecule or neurotransmitter. Receptor Profiles - ANSWER -FGA - Primarily D2 antagonism. Also antagonize M2, H1, and a1 receptors SGA - 5-HT2A & D2 antagonism. Rapid D2 dissociation. 5HT2A agonism. Also antagonizes M2, H1, 5HT2C, and a1 receptors Binding - ANSWER -When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a receiving cell, it causes ion channels to open or close. Affinity - ANSWER -The property of a drug that describes its ability to bind to a receptor Constant Unique for each drug-receptor pair as it is dependent on each of their structures CYP450 - ANSWER -- membrane-bound hemoproteins that play a pivotal role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, cellular metabolism, and homeostatis -Inhibitition or induction of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism underlying drug-drug interactions - A CYP450 inhibitor prevents or reduces work by CYP450 enzymes = decreased drug metabolism and increased risk for toxicity - A CYP450 inducer increases rate of hepatic metabolism = decreased serum concentation of other drugs metabolized by the same hepatic isoenzyme Grapefruit juice is an inhibtior, which can increase serum levels of certain drugs Dopamine Pathways - ANSWER -- mesolimbic (positive sx) - mesocortical (negative sx) - nigrostriatal (EPS) - tuberoinfundibular (prolactin) Metabolic Syndrome - ANSWER -cluster of conditions that incerase risk for T2DM and cardiovascular disease (obesity, HTN, high triglycerides, low HDL, insulin resistance) -increased risk for metabolic syndrome found with some antipsychotic medications, primarily SGA High Potency vs Low Potency - ANSWER -High potency: higher risk for EPS/hyperprolactinemia. Effective at lower doses. Haldol, risperdal, prolixin, olanzapine Low potency: more sedating with more anticholinergic symptoms. Thorazine, seroquel, clozaril, geodon Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) - ANSWER -- Life threatening - occur with use of dopamine receptor antagonists or when dopaminergic medidcation are suddenly withdrawn - sx usually begin within 2 wks of starting a new med or changing dose. - Characterized by fever, AMS, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfuncton - Dantrolene sodium is FDA approved to treat. Muscle relaxant that reduces hyperthermia/muscle stiffness QTC interval - ANSWER --measurement of the left ventricle's repolarization efficiency on ECG. - usually 350-450 (men), 360-460 (women) -associated with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias -antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs can prolong QT intervals, some more than others The study of the use of psychotropic medications in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: - ANSWER -Psychopharmacology The study of what the body does to drugs: - ANSWER Pharmacokinetics The study of what drugs do to the body: - ANSWER Pharmacodynamics Involves the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of meds: - ANSWER -Pharmacokinetics Increase serum levels of other drugs that are substrates of that enzyme: - ANSWER -CYP450 inhibtor Decrease serum levels of other drugs that are substrates of that enzyme: - ANSWER -CYP inducer