APPROVED NSCI 175 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Draw a diagram to compare the pattern of neural communication between neurons of the
secretory hypothalamus, network of neurons of the ANS, and diffuse modulatory systems -
ANSWER -Hormones have more widespread effects in the brain and body, can target many sites
in the body, and have often longer lasting effects compared to traditional neurotransmitters.
Secretory Hypothalamus - ANSWER -By secreting chemicals directly into the bloodstream, the
secretory hypothalamus can influence functions throughout both the brain and the body
Autonomic Nervous System - ANSWER -(controlled neutrally by the hypothalamus). It has
extensive interconnections within the body, the ANS simultaneously controls the responses of
many internal organs, blood vessels, and glands.
Central Nervous System - ANSWER -Only found in CNS and consists of related cell groups that
differ with respect to the neurotransmitter they use. Cell groups extend their spatial reach with
highly divergent axonal projections and prolong their actions by using metabotropic
postsynaptic receptors.
-Known as the diffuse modulatory system of the brain. It is believed to regulate levels of arousal
and mood.
Homeostasis - ANSWER -Maintenance of body's internal environment within a narrow
physiological range
-Also involves temperature regulation: sweat, shunt blood to surface tissues where heat can
radiate away, move to shade, seek water, etc
Interaction of the hypothalamus and homeostasis - ANSWER --The hypothalamus integrates
somatic and visceral responses in accordance with the needs of the brain.
-A tiny lesion in the hypothalamus can produce dramatic and often fatal disruptions of widely
dispersed bodily functions.
NSCI 175 Exam 3 questions with correct answers
,-Temperature sensitive cells in the hypothalamus detect changes in brain temperature and
orchestrate the appropriate responses
True or False: Negative feedback systems are the primary homeostatic mechanisms - ANSWER -
True
Set zone - ANSWER -The range of tolerance in a system
Redundancy - ANSWER -Physiological systems show redundancy—they are monitored by more
than one mechanism
Oxycotin - ANSWER -Neurohormone that controls lactation, suppress hypothalamic function,
"love" hormone
-Released by the magnocellular neurosecratory cells of the hypothalamus
Vasopressin (aka ADH) - ANSWER -Released by magnocellular neurosecratory cells of the
posterior pituitary & synthesized by hypothalamus - regulates blood volume and salt
concentration
-Lead to water retention and decreased urine output
**triggered by renin from kidney
Vasopressin & Oxytocin Receptors are expressed in the _____________ pathway - ANSWER -
Reward
-The Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) is part of the reward pathway
Which part of the pituitary (anterior or posterior) is considered a true endocrince gland? Why? -
ANSWER -The anterior lobe of the pituitary is an actual gland. The cells of the anterior lobe
synthesize and secrete a wide range of hormones that regulate secretions from other glands
throughout the body.
NSCI 175 Exam 3 questions with correct answers
,Hypothalamic Control of the Anterior Pituitary - ANSWER -•Controlled by parvocellular
neurosecretory cells
•Secrete hypophysiotropic hormones
•Hypothalamo-pituitary portal circulation
•Pituitary cells secrete or stop secreting hormones.
-Parvo cells communicate with targets via bloodstream bc axons do not extend all the way
down
Hypothalamo-pituitary portal circulation - ANSWER --network of tiny blood vessels that run
down the stalk of the pituitary and branch in the anterior lobe
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) - ANSWER -Controls development of ovarian follicles, and
sperm production
-Targets Gonads
LH (luteinizing hormone) - ANSWER -A hormone that causes maturation of the testes and
ovaries
-Targets Gonads
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) - ANSWER -Stimulates secretion of thyroxin (which increases
metabolic rate)
-Targets the thyroid
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) - ANSWER -Stimulates secretion of cortisol by adrenal
cortex (which mobilizes energy stores and inhibits the immune system)
GH (growth hormone) - ANSWER -Stimulation of protein synthesis
-Targets all cells
NSCI 175 Exam 3 questions with correct answers
, Prolactin - ANSWER -Stimulates milk production
-Targets mammary glands
Stress response and the anterior pituitary - ANSWER -•Periventricular hypothalamus secretes
CRH into portal circulation.
•ACTH released into circulation
•ACTH stimulates cortisol release from adrenal cortex.
Cortisol - ANSWER -Stress Steroid
-Mobilizes energy & suppresses immune system!
Autonomic Nervous System response to stress - ANSWER --Periventricular Hypothalamus
activates the sympathetic ANS in stressful situations!
-Sympathetic division: "fight or flight"
-Increased heart rate and blood pressure
-Depressed digestive function
-Mobilized glucose reserves
**slowwwww
What are some consequences of chronic stress? - ANSWER -Excitotoxicity (chronic calcium
entry); cell death (degeneration) in hippocampus, ulcers, enlarged adrenal glands, heightened
anxiety, memory disruption, PTSD heightened anxiety
Stress Pathway - ANSWER -Stress --> cortisol from adrenal cortex
-Chronic Cortisol --> negative side effects
True or False: All of the autonomic nervous system EXCEPT the post-ganglionic sympathetic
neurons release ACh - ANSWER -True
NSCI 175 Exam 3 questions with correct answers
CORRECT ANSWERS
Draw a diagram to compare the pattern of neural communication between neurons of the
secretory hypothalamus, network of neurons of the ANS, and diffuse modulatory systems -
ANSWER -Hormones have more widespread effects in the brain and body, can target many sites
in the body, and have often longer lasting effects compared to traditional neurotransmitters.
Secretory Hypothalamus - ANSWER -By secreting chemicals directly into the bloodstream, the
secretory hypothalamus can influence functions throughout both the brain and the body
Autonomic Nervous System - ANSWER -(controlled neutrally by the hypothalamus). It has
extensive interconnections within the body, the ANS simultaneously controls the responses of
many internal organs, blood vessels, and glands.
Central Nervous System - ANSWER -Only found in CNS and consists of related cell groups that
differ with respect to the neurotransmitter they use. Cell groups extend their spatial reach with
highly divergent axonal projections and prolong their actions by using metabotropic
postsynaptic receptors.
-Known as the diffuse modulatory system of the brain. It is believed to regulate levels of arousal
and mood.
Homeostasis - ANSWER -Maintenance of body's internal environment within a narrow
physiological range
-Also involves temperature regulation: sweat, shunt blood to surface tissues where heat can
radiate away, move to shade, seek water, etc
Interaction of the hypothalamus and homeostasis - ANSWER --The hypothalamus integrates
somatic and visceral responses in accordance with the needs of the brain.
-A tiny lesion in the hypothalamus can produce dramatic and often fatal disruptions of widely
dispersed bodily functions.
NSCI 175 Exam 3 questions with correct answers
,-Temperature sensitive cells in the hypothalamus detect changes in brain temperature and
orchestrate the appropriate responses
True or False: Negative feedback systems are the primary homeostatic mechanisms - ANSWER -
True
Set zone - ANSWER -The range of tolerance in a system
Redundancy - ANSWER -Physiological systems show redundancy—they are monitored by more
than one mechanism
Oxycotin - ANSWER -Neurohormone that controls lactation, suppress hypothalamic function,
"love" hormone
-Released by the magnocellular neurosecratory cells of the hypothalamus
Vasopressin (aka ADH) - ANSWER -Released by magnocellular neurosecratory cells of the
posterior pituitary & synthesized by hypothalamus - regulates blood volume and salt
concentration
-Lead to water retention and decreased urine output
**triggered by renin from kidney
Vasopressin & Oxytocin Receptors are expressed in the _____________ pathway - ANSWER -
Reward
-The Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) is part of the reward pathway
Which part of the pituitary (anterior or posterior) is considered a true endocrince gland? Why? -
ANSWER -The anterior lobe of the pituitary is an actual gland. The cells of the anterior lobe
synthesize and secrete a wide range of hormones that regulate secretions from other glands
throughout the body.
NSCI 175 Exam 3 questions with correct answers
,Hypothalamic Control of the Anterior Pituitary - ANSWER -•Controlled by parvocellular
neurosecretory cells
•Secrete hypophysiotropic hormones
•Hypothalamo-pituitary portal circulation
•Pituitary cells secrete or stop secreting hormones.
-Parvo cells communicate with targets via bloodstream bc axons do not extend all the way
down
Hypothalamo-pituitary portal circulation - ANSWER --network of tiny blood vessels that run
down the stalk of the pituitary and branch in the anterior lobe
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) - ANSWER -Controls development of ovarian follicles, and
sperm production
-Targets Gonads
LH (luteinizing hormone) - ANSWER -A hormone that causes maturation of the testes and
ovaries
-Targets Gonads
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) - ANSWER -Stimulates secretion of thyroxin (which increases
metabolic rate)
-Targets the thyroid
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) - ANSWER -Stimulates secretion of cortisol by adrenal
cortex (which mobilizes energy stores and inhibits the immune system)
GH (growth hormone) - ANSWER -Stimulation of protein synthesis
-Targets all cells
NSCI 175 Exam 3 questions with correct answers
, Prolactin - ANSWER -Stimulates milk production
-Targets mammary glands
Stress response and the anterior pituitary - ANSWER -•Periventricular hypothalamus secretes
CRH into portal circulation.
•ACTH released into circulation
•ACTH stimulates cortisol release from adrenal cortex.
Cortisol - ANSWER -Stress Steroid
-Mobilizes energy & suppresses immune system!
Autonomic Nervous System response to stress - ANSWER --Periventricular Hypothalamus
activates the sympathetic ANS in stressful situations!
-Sympathetic division: "fight or flight"
-Increased heart rate and blood pressure
-Depressed digestive function
-Mobilized glucose reserves
**slowwwww
What are some consequences of chronic stress? - ANSWER -Excitotoxicity (chronic calcium
entry); cell death (degeneration) in hippocampus, ulcers, enlarged adrenal glands, heightened
anxiety, memory disruption, PTSD heightened anxiety
Stress Pathway - ANSWER -Stress --> cortisol from adrenal cortex
-Chronic Cortisol --> negative side effects
True or False: All of the autonomic nervous system EXCEPT the post-ganglionic sympathetic
neurons release ACh - ANSWER -True
NSCI 175 Exam 3 questions with correct answers
