EVB Final Exam Prep Guide with verified
solutions
Describe anthropocentric. - correct answer ✔✔Utilitarian approach to resources
Focuses on people
Humans are essentially separate from or above nature.
What does a biocentric philosophy grant rights to? - correct answer ✔✔The right to exist.
The belief that all living things have a right to exist.
What does the root "centric" in biocentric mean? - correct answer ✔✔Centered
Describe the utilitarian approach to natural resources. - correct answer ✔✔Nature is provided
for our use.
Describe the preservationist approach to natural resources. - correct answer ✔✔Nature should
be preserved for its own sake, not consumed as resources.
Describe Pinchot's argument towards natural resources. - correct answer ✔✔Utilitarian
approach
"Greatest good for the greatest number for the longest time.
Compare and contrast value, inherent value and instrumental value. - correct answer
✔✔Values: A measure of the worth of something.
Inherent values: An intrinsic or innate worth.
Instrumental values: Worth something only because they're valued by someone who matters.
,Define Values - correct answer ✔✔A measure of the worth of something.
Define Inherent values - correct answer ✔✔An intrinsic or innate worth.
Define Instrumental values - correct answer ✔✔Worth something only because they're valued
by someone who matters.
Be able to categorize the worth of humans and tools. - correct answer ✔✔Tools have
instrumental value, because they are only valued by someone who matters.
Humans have inherent value simply because we are human.
Be familiar with the Mineral King Valley court case. - correct answer ✔✔The Mineral King Valley
court case is important environmental history because it was a case that argued for the inherent
value of trees, rocks, and wildlife.
Describe the assertions of ecofeminists. - correct answer ✔✔Ecofeminist assert women and
nature have been oppressed in many of the same ways.
Be able to list the important characteristics of ecofeminism. - correct answer ✔✔Patriarchal
attitudes in society are based on the domination and ideas of superiority.
Pluralism
Kinship values
Reciprocity
Further argues that we can achieve a more just and peaceful society by diffusing these
hierarchies, and by focusing on cooperation instead of competition.
, Describe what the Koran teaches. - correct answer ✔✔Koran teaches that each being exists by
virtue of the truth and is also owed its due according to nature. A view that extends moral rights
and value to all other creatures.
Describe what the Ahimsa teaches. - correct answer ✔✔The Ahimsa teaches the practice of not
harming other living creatures, because all living beings are divinely connected.
Describe stewardship. - correct answer ✔✔A duty to care for.
People have the privilege to use the environment.
EX: A caregiver
Describe environmental justice and what it involves. - correct answer ✔✔Environmental justice
can be seen as a local and international issue.
Civil rights with environmental protection to demand a safe, healthy, life-giving environment.
The central argument to environmental justice is the issue that poor people and minorities in
general are more likely to live in polluted neighborhoods than rich people.
Describe who is affected by environmental justice. - correct answer ✔✔Poor people and
minorities in general are more likely to live in polluted neighborhoods.
Describe environmental racisms and give examples. - correct answer ✔✔Inequitable
distribution of environmental hazards based on race.
EX: Lead poisoning in minority children.
Evidence: At every income level, whether rich or poor, black children are two to three times
more likely than whites to suffer from lead poisoning.
Who is exposed to higher levels of pollution? - blacks or whites? - correct answer ✔✔African
Americans generally
solutions
Describe anthropocentric. - correct answer ✔✔Utilitarian approach to resources
Focuses on people
Humans are essentially separate from or above nature.
What does a biocentric philosophy grant rights to? - correct answer ✔✔The right to exist.
The belief that all living things have a right to exist.
What does the root "centric" in biocentric mean? - correct answer ✔✔Centered
Describe the utilitarian approach to natural resources. - correct answer ✔✔Nature is provided
for our use.
Describe the preservationist approach to natural resources. - correct answer ✔✔Nature should
be preserved for its own sake, not consumed as resources.
Describe Pinchot's argument towards natural resources. - correct answer ✔✔Utilitarian
approach
"Greatest good for the greatest number for the longest time.
Compare and contrast value, inherent value and instrumental value. - correct answer
✔✔Values: A measure of the worth of something.
Inherent values: An intrinsic or innate worth.
Instrumental values: Worth something only because they're valued by someone who matters.
,Define Values - correct answer ✔✔A measure of the worth of something.
Define Inherent values - correct answer ✔✔An intrinsic or innate worth.
Define Instrumental values - correct answer ✔✔Worth something only because they're valued
by someone who matters.
Be able to categorize the worth of humans and tools. - correct answer ✔✔Tools have
instrumental value, because they are only valued by someone who matters.
Humans have inherent value simply because we are human.
Be familiar with the Mineral King Valley court case. - correct answer ✔✔The Mineral King Valley
court case is important environmental history because it was a case that argued for the inherent
value of trees, rocks, and wildlife.
Describe the assertions of ecofeminists. - correct answer ✔✔Ecofeminist assert women and
nature have been oppressed in many of the same ways.
Be able to list the important characteristics of ecofeminism. - correct answer ✔✔Patriarchal
attitudes in society are based on the domination and ideas of superiority.
Pluralism
Kinship values
Reciprocity
Further argues that we can achieve a more just and peaceful society by diffusing these
hierarchies, and by focusing on cooperation instead of competition.
, Describe what the Koran teaches. - correct answer ✔✔Koran teaches that each being exists by
virtue of the truth and is also owed its due according to nature. A view that extends moral rights
and value to all other creatures.
Describe what the Ahimsa teaches. - correct answer ✔✔The Ahimsa teaches the practice of not
harming other living creatures, because all living beings are divinely connected.
Describe stewardship. - correct answer ✔✔A duty to care for.
People have the privilege to use the environment.
EX: A caregiver
Describe environmental justice and what it involves. - correct answer ✔✔Environmental justice
can be seen as a local and international issue.
Civil rights with environmental protection to demand a safe, healthy, life-giving environment.
The central argument to environmental justice is the issue that poor people and minorities in
general are more likely to live in polluted neighborhoods than rich people.
Describe who is affected by environmental justice. - correct answer ✔✔Poor people and
minorities in general are more likely to live in polluted neighborhoods.
Describe environmental racisms and give examples. - correct answer ✔✔Inequitable
distribution of environmental hazards based on race.
EX: Lead poisoning in minority children.
Evidence: At every income level, whether rich or poor, black children are two to three times
more likely than whites to suffer from lead poisoning.
Who is exposed to higher levels of pollution? - blacks or whites? - correct answer ✔✔African
Americans generally
