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Latent Phase of Labor - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Onset of labor until cervical dilation reaches 4-6 m Long arc rotation - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Most commonly performed by babies beginning labor in LOP presentation FHR Variability: controlling system - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Parasympathetic/sympathetic nervous system Pudendal Anesthesia Administration - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Ideal timing to administer in multip women is at 8-9cm, just before complete dilation, to cover birth and repair Sudden fetal bradycardia in 2nd stage - CORRECT ANSWERS️️commonly caused by a vagal response in the fetus related to descent Engagement occurs when - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Widest diameter of the presenting part descends to or below the pelvic inlet The widest diameter of the fetal head is the biparietal diameter Iron Deficiency Labs - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Microcytic, hypochromic Low Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCHC, RBCs, iron, ferritin High TIBC High RDW Leg cramp in pregnancy relief - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Flexion of the foot Changes in respiratory system in pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWERS️️May cause increased chest diameter; thoracic circumference increases by 5-6cm and residual volume decreases polyhydramnios fetal etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS️️CNS or GI tract fetal anomalies Autosomal Recessive Trai - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Expressed only when both copies of the gene are the same; ex cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia Infant effects of maternal tobacco use - CORRECT ANSWERS️️IUGR, premature birth, and SGA Severe features of preeclampsia - CORRECT ANSWERS️️thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, impaired liver function, pulmonary edema, and cerebral or visual symptoms Hemodynamic Changes in Initial Postpartum Period - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Elevated cardiac output for as long as 48 hours after birth; cardiac output increases 60-80% Placental transport of oxygen and glucose - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Transported across the placenta via facilitated diffusion Amniotic fluid production - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Produced by the amniotic epithelium; water transfers across the amnion and through the fetal skin -in the 2nd trimester, the fetus starts to swallow, urinate, and inspire amniotic fluid Trichomoniasis treatment in Pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 g PO x1 at any stage in pregnancy Ritgen maneuver - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Assist in delivery of the fetal head during extension Used to expedite the delivery of the fetal head when necessary It involves applying upward pressure from the coccygeal region to extend the head during actual delivery, thereby protecting the musculature of the perineum. Maternal breastfeeding contraindications - CORRECT ANSWERS️️HIV positive and untreated Active TB Illicit drug use Take prescribed chemotherapy agents Acrocyanosis - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet caused by reduced peripheral circulation. Normal within first 24-48 hours after birth Variable decelerations description - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Abrupt in nature Decrease in FHR from a baseline of 15BPM lasting 15 seconds but 2 min Anterior asynclitism - CORRECT ANSWERS️️exists when the sagittal suture is closer to the sacrum and the anterior parietal bone is presenting first Oligohydramnios fetal etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Associated with genitourinary abnormalities in the fetus Midplane Definition/Elements - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Ischial spines distance and sacrum Distance b/w the ischial spines normally measures 10 cm Smallest diameter of the pelvis Chorionic Villi - CORRECT ANSWERS️️The chorionic villi develop from the outer wall of the blastocyst which establishes and intimate connection with the endometrium and gives rise to the placenta Blood in the chorionic villi pertains to the circulation of the fetus Umbilical Cord Vessels - CORRECT ANSWERS️️2 arteries that carry fetal deoxygenated blood to the placenta, smaller in diameter 1 vein that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus; characterized by twisting or spiralizing Implantation - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Occurs 6-7 days after fertilization Usually in the upper posterior wall of the uterus Human zygote - CORRECT ANSWERS️️consists of haploid number of chromosomes; 23 pairs Possesses half the diploid or number of pairs of chromosomes, 46 pairs, found in somatic, or body cells Trophoblast - CORRECT ANSWERS️️The outer layer of cells that develops in the germinal period. These cells provide nutrition and support for the embryo. Ultimately becomes the placenta Drop in diastolic BP during normal pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Lower in the first 2 trimesters because of the development of new vascular beds and the relaxation of peripheral tone by progesterone, which result in decreased flow resistance Nullipara - CORRECT ANSWERS️️women who has not carried a baby to 500g or 20 weeks Leopold's Maneuvers - CORRECT ANSWERS️️A series of four maneuvers designed to provide a systematic approach whereby the examiner may determine fetal presentation and position. -lie -presentation -position -attitude lactational amenorrhea method - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Contraception for breastfeeding women Most effective if patient is fully or nearly fully breastfeeding (i.e. avg q4hrs during the day and 6hrs at night), the infant is younger than 6 months, and the parents have not substituted solid foods into the infant's diet. Raynaud's phenomenon (w/ breastfeeding) - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Nipple color changes to purple or blanches, which may be unilateral or bilateral, when exposed to cold air Condition is also associated w/ severe pain - specifically a sharp, burning sensation d/t the vasospasm of the nipple after breastfeeding or when the nipples are exposed to cold air Postpartum Endometritis Treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Gold standard treatment is clindamycin and gentamycin