SOCIOLOGY EXAM WITH Q&A CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+

SOCIOLOGY EXAM WITH Q&A CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ ?__________ involves aspects of social life that have to do with order, stability, and social organization that allow societies and groups to hold together and endure. - CORRECT ANSWER-Social statics Herbert Spencer viewed society as a system, having important similarities with - CORRECT ANSWER-a biological organism ?__________ refers to processes of social life that pattern institutional development and have to do with social change. - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Social dynamics Studies of people's values, beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions most frequently use - CORRECT ANSWER-a. the survey method In a research investigation that focused on nannies, sociologist Julia Wrigley combined ?_____________ research methods. - CORRECT ANSWER-intensive interviewing and participant observation A researcher must take abstract concepts and translate them into a form that allows them to be measured. This is the development of a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER-a. operational definition ?____________ uses existing records produced by people or organizations other than the researcher. - CORRECT ANSWER-Archival research In viewing theory and research, - CORRECT ANSWER-both theory and research are necessary for the scientific enterprise Examining how the aging of the American population affects jobs and promotions for younger people in an historical context would be an example of using - CORRECT ANSWER-a. social psychology. b. microsociology. c. macrosociology. Correct d. clinical psychological analysis Feminist research methods include a commitment to a. include women's lives in social research. b. reduce inequality. c. minimize research exploitation. d. All of the choices are correct - CORRECT ANSWER-All choices are Correct __?________ research design provides the best opportunity for researchers to obtain data to accept or reject a hypothesis. - CORRECT ANSWER-The experiment The scientific study of social interactions and of social organization is called - CORRECT ANSWER-sociology Which of the following was NOT one of Ann Meier's operational hypotheses? - CORRECT ANSWER-Higher levels of religiosity will increase the probability of having sex. Experiments, surveys, observation, and archival research represent - CORRECT ANSWER-research designs Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER-is not necessarily the same as causation. The existence of cultural universals is due to - CORRECT ANSWER-people facing the same broad problems of survival. Correct ____?____ is(are) NOT one of the major value configurations within the dominant American culture - CORRECT ANSWER-a. The assignment of high importance to leisure and relaxation Some analysts blame our surprise at the 9/11 attacks partly on - CORRECT ANSWER-ethnocentrism. Race, class, and gender are prime examples of - CORRECT ANSWER-master status The idea that language shapes our perceptions of reality is called the - CORRECT ANSWER-linguistic relativity hypothesis The learned patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting, which are transmitted from one generation to the next, are referred to as - CORRECT ANSWER-culture Social rules that specify appropriate and inappropriate behavior in given situations are called - CORRECT ANSWER-norms From the sociological perspective, wearing soiled clothing might be viewed as violating a - CORRECT ANSWER-folkway. When a trait or feature from one culture is rejected as being strange or immoral by another culture, it is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER-ethnocentrism The actual behavior of the person who occupies a status is termed - CORRECT ANSWER-role performance A society's shared ideas regarding what is desirable, correct, and good are called - CORRECT ANSWER-values Norms - CORRECT ANSWER-subjective in nature and vary in type from folkways to mores to laws are correct Those expectations that define appropriate or inappropriate behavior for the occupant of a status are - CORRECT ANSWER-roles. A Peace Corps volunteer living in Blantyre, Malawi reported that the post office there had two letter slots, one labeled "Blantyre" and the other labeled - CORRECT ANSWER-"Elsewhere." The old order Amish and the youth culture both represent examples of the ___________ within American society. - CORRECT ANSWER-a. subcultures Communication - CORRECT ANSWER-allows us to establish a "commonness" with one another that makes socialization possible A group of people gathered together to construct a house is an example of an - CORRECT ANSWER-a. instrumental tie Children display "people-oriented responses" - CORRECT ANSWER-early - even before their first birthday. Correct Authoritarian leaders tend to - CORRECT ANSWER-produce high levels of frustration and hostile feelings. In Piaget's theory, the sensorimotor stage of development - CORRECT ANSWER-a. involves children's gradual realization that they exist independently of the people and things around them. One of the major functions of in-groups and out-groups is to - CORRECT ANSWER-emphasize the significance and importance of social boundaries. Correct The process that led to the NASA Challenger tragedy in 1986 involved people who a. ignored warnings against the launch. b. experienced considerable pressure to launch from outsiders. c. functioned according to the principles of groupthink. d. All of the choices are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER-All of the choices are correct Martha believes that if she doesn't wear her lucky hat, she'll flunk her algebra test. She forgets her hat, and becomes so anxious about forgetting it that she flunks the exam. This is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER-the Thomas Theorem and a definition of the situation are correct. Correct Robert Axelrod found that the simplest and most effective strategy for playing the prisoner's dilemma game is one he called - CORRECT ANSWER-tit for tat The average American child spends between __________ hours with a television every day. - CORRECT ANSWER-three and six __________ refers to procedures - rules and activities - that people employ in making social life and society intelligible. - CORRECT ANSWER-Ethnomethodology When a shared elusion of invulnerability leads to undue overconfidence and willingness to take risks, we are often experiencing - CORRECT ANSWER-groupthink. The only area where nonverbal communication possibly may be universal in meaning is - CORRECT ANSWER-facial expression Beyond the small work groups approach is the "__________-collar" approach, in which informally dressed employees manage themselves, use the office as a "funhouse" and are expected to work 70-hour weeks. - CORRECT ANSWER-a. green b. red c. no Correct d. black In Piaget's theory, the concrete operational stage a. involves children's gradual realization that they exist independently of the people and things around them. b. includes the development of language. c. is where children begin to think more abstractly by being able to separate symbols from the things they represent d. focuses on the development of logic. - CORRECT ANSWER-a. involves children's gradual realization that they exist independently of the people and things around them. b. includes the development of language. c. is where children begin to think more abstractly by being able to separate symbols from the things they represent. Correct d. focuses on the development of logic. Edwin Sutherland's theory of differential association illustrates the ________ sociological perspective on deviance. - CORRECT ANSWER-a. structural strain b. cultural transmission Correct c. conflict d. labeling From Merton's perspective, those who reject both culturally approved goals and means and substitute new norms are - CORRECT ANSWER-a. innovators. b. ritualists. c. rebels. Correct d. retreatists. When individuals incorporate within their personalities the standards of behavior prevalent within the larger society, the process is called - CORRECT ANSWER-a. internalization. Correct b. socialization. c. conformity. d. normative intervention. Internalization occurs when - CORRECT ANSWER-a. norms are "intuited" from the behavior of others. b. the individual questions the legitimacy of the norms. c. normative expectations are sharpened. d. we understand and believe in the norms. correct William Chambliss' study of two teenage gangs - the Saints and the Roughnecks - illustrates - CORRECT ANSWER-a. the labeling perspective. Correct b. differential association theory. c. the functionalist perspective. d. the cultural transmission perspective. A violation of a social relationship of trust lies at the heart of much - CORRECT ANSWER-a. organized crime. b. white-collar crime and corporate crime. Correct c. violent crime. d. victimless crime. ________ has the highest incarceration rate in the world? - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Iraq b. Pakistan c. The United States Correct d. France Regarding murder, - CORRECT ANSWER-a. most were committed through the use of a "sharp instrument." b. a majority was precipitated by arguments. c. a majority of the victims knew their assailants. Correct d. a majority was associated with robbery, arson, and other crimes. An important concept in the analysis of deviance is that - CORRECT ANSWER-a. whether something is deviant depends on who is evaluating it. Incorrect b. determining whether an act is deviant is an objective, absolute process. c. when important norms are violated, social control is lost. d. deviance can only be considered as a specific act and it never can be viewed in a relative manner. Deviance is often - CORRECT ANSWER-a. defined by those who have the power to make the social definitions stick. Correct b. nonrelative to time and place. c. seen as decadent, depraved, and evil, but not as an illness. d. nonrelative to time and place and seen as decadent, depraved, and evil, but not as an illness are correct. Richard Quinney contended that to understand crime we have to understand the development of the political economy of capitalist society. This is a reflection of which perspective? - CORRECT ANSWER-a. conflict Correct b. functionalist c. interactionist d. developmental