HOSA Nutrition 2024-2025 review test (A+ Graded Already)
g g g g g g g g
AbsorptiongcorrectganswersgTakinggupgofgnutrientsgingthegintestines
AdiposegtissuegcorrectganswersgFattygtissue
AerobicgmetabolismgcorrectganswersgCombininggnutrientgoxygengwithingthegcell;galsogcalledgoxi
dation.
AlbumingcorrectganswersgProteingthatgoccursgingbloodgplasma
AlkalosisgcorrectganswersgConditiongingwhichgexcessgbasegaccumulatesgin,gorgacidsgareglostgfrom
,gthegbody.
AminogacidsgcorrectganswersgNitrogengcontaininggchemicalgcompoundsgofgwhichgproteingisgcom
posed
AmphetaminesgcorrectganswersgDrugsgintendedgtoginhibitgappetite
AnemiagcorrectganswersgConditiongcausedgbyginsufficientgnumbergofgredgbloodgcells,ghemoglobi
ngorgbloodgvolume.
AnginagpectorisgcorrectganswersgPaingingthegheartgmusclegduegtoginadequategbloodgsupply.
arteriosclerosisgcorrectganswersgGenericgtermgforgthickenedgarteries
ArthritisgcorrectganswersgChronicgdiseaseginvolvinggthegjoints
ascitesgcorrectganswersgAbnormalgcollectiongofgfluidgingthegabdomen.
aspartamegcorrectganswersgArtificialgsweetenergmadegfromgtwogaminogacid;gdoesgnotgrequiregins
ulingforgmetabolism
aspiratedgcorrectganswersgInhaledgorgsuctioned
Atherosclerosisgcorrectganswersgagformgofgarteriolosclerosisgaffectinggthegintimag(innerglining)gof
gthegarterygwalls
avitaminosisgcorrectganswersgWithoutgvitamins
BeriberigcorrectganswersgDeficiencygdiseasegcausedgbyglackgofgvitamingb1gthiamine.gLegsgfeelgh
eavygfeetgburngandgmusclesgdegenerate.
BasalgmetabolismgrategBMRgcorrectganswersgThegrategatgwhichgenergygisgneededgforgbodygmaint
enance.
,bilegcorrectganswersgSecretiongofgthegliver,gstoredgingtheggallbladder,gessentialgforgthegdigestiongo
fgfat.
BioavailablegcorrectganswersgThegabilitygofgagnutrientgtogbegreadilygabsorbedgandgusedgbygthegbo
dy
biotingcorrectganswersgagBgvitamin,gnecessarygforgmetabolism
BolusgcorrectganswersgFoodgingthegmouthgthatgisgreadygtogbegswallowed
BotulismgcorrectganswersgDeadliestgofgfoodgpoisoning;gcostgbygthegbacteriagClostridiumgbotulinu
m
brangcorrectganswersgoutergcoveringgofggraingkernels.gContainsgmineralsgBgvitaminsgcellulosegan
dgprotein
BuffergsystemsgcorrectganswersgProtectivegsystemsgregulatinggamountsgofghydrogengionsgingbody
gfluids
CachexiagcorrectganswersgSeveregmalnutritiongandgbodygwastinggcausedgbygchronicgdisease
calipergcorrectganswersgMechanicalgdevicegusedgtogmeasuregpercentagegofgbodygfatgbygskinfoldg
measurement
nutrientsg(6)gcorrectganswersgChemicalgsubstancesgthatgaregfoundgingfoodgandgnecessarygforggoo
dghealth.gCarbohydrates,gfats,gproteins,gvitamins,gminerals,gwater.
EssentialgnutrientgcorrectganswersgNutrientsgfoundgonlygingfood
CarbohydratesgcorrectganswersgAboutg50%gofgdiet.gProvidesgenergy.gProteingsparinggaction.gNor
malgfatgmetabolism.gThreegtypes.
MonosaccharidesgcorrectganswersgSimplestgformgofgcarbohydrates.gNogdigestiongrequired.gCangb
egeasilygabsorbedgdirectlygintogthegbloodgstreamgfromgthegsmallgintestinegtheygincludegglucosegfr
uctosegandggalactose
DisaccharidesgcorrectganswersgDoublegsugars.gHydrolysisgtogmonosaccharides.gExamplesgaregsu
crosegmaltosegandglactose
LactosegintolerancegcorrectganswersgInabilitygtogdigestglactosegbecausegifgyouglackgofgthegenzym
eglactase;gcausesgabdominalgcrampsgandgdiarrhea
PolysaccharidesgcorrectganswersgComplexgcarbohydratesgcontaininggcombinationsgofgmonosacch
arides.gExamplesgincludegstarchgdextringcellulosegandgglycogen
,GlycogengcorrectganswersgGlucosegthatgisgstoredgingtheglivergandgmuscles.gApproximatelyg1/2gda
ygsupplygofgenergygisgstoredgasgglycogengingtheglivergandgmuscles
FibergcorrectganswersgIndigestiblegpartsgofgplants;gabsorbsgwaterginglargegintestine,ghelpinggtogcr
eategsoftgstool.
CellulosegcorrectganswersgPrimarygsourcesgofgdietarygfiber
EndospermgcorrectganswersgTheginnergpartgofgthegkernelgofggrain;gcontainsgagcarbohydrate.gCont
aingstarchgproteingandgsomegBgvitamins
germgcorrectganswersgSmallestgpartgofgtheggraingandgisgagrichgsourcegofgBgvitaminsgvitamingEgmi
neralsgandgproteins
LipidsgandgfatgcorrectganswersgFormedgfromgglycerolgProvidesgenergy.g9gcalories
hypercholesterolemiagcorrectganswersgUnusuallyghighglevelsgofgcholesterolgandgblood;galsogkno
wngasghighgserumgcholesterol.gCommongingclientsgwithgatherosclerosis.
plaquegcorrectganswersgFattygdepositgonginteriorgofgarterygwalls.gWhengplaquegblocksgthegheartga
gheartgattackgoccurs.gWhengitgblocksgthegbraingagstrokegoccurs.
functiongofgstomachgcorrectganswersgtemporarygstoragegofgfood.gmixinggofgfoodgwithggastricgjuic
es.gregulationgofgagslow,gcontrolledgemptyinggofgfoodgintogthegintestine.gsexretiongofgthegfactorgf
orgB12.gdestructiongofgmostgbacteria.
sphinctergmalfunctiongcorrectganswersgcausesgacidgrefluxgdisease.
chymegcorrectganswersgfoodgmassgasgitghasgbeengmixedgwithggastricgjuices
gastricgjuicesgcorrectganswersgdigestivegsecretionsgingstomach.gcontaingHCl,gpepsin,gmucus.gHCl
gactivatesgpepsingtogdigestgprotein.gchildrenghavegtwogadditinalgenzymesgrennin-
milkgprotein,gandggastricglipase-butterfat
salivarygamylasegcorrectganswersgcomponentgofgsalivagthatgstartsgthegdigestiongofgstarchgingthegm
outh
duodenumgcorrectganswersgChymegmovesgthroughgthegpyloricgsphinctergintogthegduodenumgthegf
irstgsectiongofgthegsmallgintestine.
cholecytokining(cck)gcorrectganswersgtriggersggallbladdergtogreleasegbilegforgthegdigestiongofgfat
pancreaticgamylasegcorrectganswersgconvertsgstarchesgtogsimplegsugars
pancreaticglipasegcorrectganswersgreducesgfatsgtogfattygacidsgandgglycerol
, smallgintestinegingdigestiongcorrectganswersgmostgnutrientsgabsorbed.gbreaksgdownglactosegmalto
segandgsucrose.
fatgsolublegvitamingdeficencygcorrectganswersgoccurgingthosegwithgchronicgmalabsorbtiongdisease
gsuchgasgcysticgfibrosis,gceliac,gandgchronsgdisease.
fatgsoluble.gvitaminsgcorrectganswersgAgDgEgK.gnotglostgeasilygingcookinggbutglostgwithgmineralg
oil.gaftergabsprbtiongtheygaregtransportedgthroughgthegbodygbyglipoproteins.gmegadosesgmoregco
mmongbecausegtheygaregstored
VitamingAgcorrectganswersgAngantioxidantgplaysgangimportantgrolegingvision,gboneggrowth,grepro
duction,gcellgdivision,gantioxidant,gregulatesgimmunegsystem.
retinolgcorrectganswersgThegactivegformgofgvitamingA.gPreformedgvitamingA
carotenoidsgcorrectganswersgProvitamingA.gThinkgcarrotsgandgothergorangegandggreengfruits.gMa
ygreducegthegriskgofgcancer
ricketsgcorrectganswersgDeficiencygdiseasegcausedgbygaglackgofgvitamingD;gcausesgmalformedgbo
nesgandgpainginginfants
DeficiencygofgvitamingDgcorrectganswersgMaygleadgtogosteomalaciagwhichgthengcangevolvegintog
osteoporosis
VitamingEgcorrectganswersgantioxidant.gEssentialgforgprotectiongofgcellgstructure,gespeciallygofgre
dgbloodgcells
vitamingKgcorrectganswersgessentialgingbloodgclotting.gdeficiencygleadsgtoghemorrhaging.
thiaminegcorrectganswersgMetabolismgofgcarbohydratesgandgsomegaminogacids.gAlsogessentialgtog
nervegandgmusclegaction.gAbsorbedgingthegsmallgintestine.
riboflavingB2gcorrectganswersgessentialgforgcarbohydrategfatgandgproteingmetabolism.gNecessaryg
forgtissuegmaintenance.gAndghealthygeyes
niacingcorrectganswersgServesgasgagCoenzymegingenergygmetabolismgandgconsequentlygessentialg
togeverygbodygcell.
pellagragcorrectganswersgDiseasegtogchoosegdeficiencygofgniacin.gCharacterizedgbygsoresgongthegs
kingbygdiarrhea,ganxiety,gconfusion,girritability,gpoorgmemory,gdizziness,gandguntimelygdeathgifgl
eftguntreated.
vitamingb6gcorrectganswersgEssentialgforgproteingmetabolismgandgabsorption,gaidsgingthegreleaseg
ofgglucosegfromgglycogen,gaminogacidsgpresentgingexcessivegamountsgcangbegconvertedgtogthoseg
ingwhichgthegbodygisgtemporarilygdeficient
g g g g g g g g
AbsorptiongcorrectganswersgTakinggupgofgnutrientsgingthegintestines
AdiposegtissuegcorrectganswersgFattygtissue
AerobicgmetabolismgcorrectganswersgCombininggnutrientgoxygengwithingthegcell;galsogcalledgoxi
dation.
AlbumingcorrectganswersgProteingthatgoccursgingbloodgplasma
AlkalosisgcorrectganswersgConditiongingwhichgexcessgbasegaccumulatesgin,gorgacidsgareglostgfrom
,gthegbody.
AminogacidsgcorrectganswersgNitrogengcontaininggchemicalgcompoundsgofgwhichgproteingisgcom
posed
AmphetaminesgcorrectganswersgDrugsgintendedgtoginhibitgappetite
AnemiagcorrectganswersgConditiongcausedgbyginsufficientgnumbergofgredgbloodgcells,ghemoglobi
ngorgbloodgvolume.
AnginagpectorisgcorrectganswersgPaingingthegheartgmusclegduegtoginadequategbloodgsupply.
arteriosclerosisgcorrectganswersgGenericgtermgforgthickenedgarteries
ArthritisgcorrectganswersgChronicgdiseaseginvolvinggthegjoints
ascitesgcorrectganswersgAbnormalgcollectiongofgfluidgingthegabdomen.
aspartamegcorrectganswersgArtificialgsweetenergmadegfromgtwogaminogacid;gdoesgnotgrequiregins
ulingforgmetabolism
aspiratedgcorrectganswersgInhaledgorgsuctioned
Atherosclerosisgcorrectganswersgagformgofgarteriolosclerosisgaffectinggthegintimag(innerglining)gof
gthegarterygwalls
avitaminosisgcorrectganswersgWithoutgvitamins
BeriberigcorrectganswersgDeficiencygdiseasegcausedgbyglackgofgvitamingb1gthiamine.gLegsgfeelgh
eavygfeetgburngandgmusclesgdegenerate.
BasalgmetabolismgrategBMRgcorrectganswersgThegrategatgwhichgenergygisgneededgforgbodygmaint
enance.
,bilegcorrectganswersgSecretiongofgthegliver,gstoredgingtheggallbladder,gessentialgforgthegdigestiongo
fgfat.
BioavailablegcorrectganswersgThegabilitygofgagnutrientgtogbegreadilygabsorbedgandgusedgbygthegbo
dy
biotingcorrectganswersgagBgvitamin,gnecessarygforgmetabolism
BolusgcorrectganswersgFoodgingthegmouthgthatgisgreadygtogbegswallowed
BotulismgcorrectganswersgDeadliestgofgfoodgpoisoning;gcostgbygthegbacteriagClostridiumgbotulinu
m
brangcorrectganswersgoutergcoveringgofggraingkernels.gContainsgmineralsgBgvitaminsgcellulosegan
dgprotein
BuffergsystemsgcorrectganswersgProtectivegsystemsgregulatinggamountsgofghydrogengionsgingbody
gfluids
CachexiagcorrectganswersgSeveregmalnutritiongandgbodygwastinggcausedgbygchronicgdisease
calipergcorrectganswersgMechanicalgdevicegusedgtogmeasuregpercentagegofgbodygfatgbygskinfoldg
measurement
nutrientsg(6)gcorrectganswersgChemicalgsubstancesgthatgaregfoundgingfoodgandgnecessarygforggoo
dghealth.gCarbohydrates,gfats,gproteins,gvitamins,gminerals,gwater.
EssentialgnutrientgcorrectganswersgNutrientsgfoundgonlygingfood
CarbohydratesgcorrectganswersgAboutg50%gofgdiet.gProvidesgenergy.gProteingsparinggaction.gNor
malgfatgmetabolism.gThreegtypes.
MonosaccharidesgcorrectganswersgSimplestgformgofgcarbohydrates.gNogdigestiongrequired.gCangb
egeasilygabsorbedgdirectlygintogthegbloodgstreamgfromgthegsmallgintestinegtheygincludegglucosegfr
uctosegandggalactose
DisaccharidesgcorrectganswersgDoublegsugars.gHydrolysisgtogmonosaccharides.gExamplesgaregsu
crosegmaltosegandglactose
LactosegintolerancegcorrectganswersgInabilitygtogdigestglactosegbecausegifgyouglackgofgthegenzym
eglactase;gcausesgabdominalgcrampsgandgdiarrhea
PolysaccharidesgcorrectganswersgComplexgcarbohydratesgcontaininggcombinationsgofgmonosacch
arides.gExamplesgincludegstarchgdextringcellulosegandgglycogen
,GlycogengcorrectganswersgGlucosegthatgisgstoredgingtheglivergandgmuscles.gApproximatelyg1/2gda
ygsupplygofgenergygisgstoredgasgglycogengingtheglivergandgmuscles
FibergcorrectganswersgIndigestiblegpartsgofgplants;gabsorbsgwaterginglargegintestine,ghelpinggtogcr
eategsoftgstool.
CellulosegcorrectganswersgPrimarygsourcesgofgdietarygfiber
EndospermgcorrectganswersgTheginnergpartgofgthegkernelgofggrain;gcontainsgagcarbohydrate.gCont
aingstarchgproteingandgsomegBgvitamins
germgcorrectganswersgSmallestgpartgofgtheggraingandgisgagrichgsourcegofgBgvitaminsgvitamingEgmi
neralsgandgproteins
LipidsgandgfatgcorrectganswersgFormedgfromgglycerolgProvidesgenergy.g9gcalories
hypercholesterolemiagcorrectganswersgUnusuallyghighglevelsgofgcholesterolgandgblood;galsogkno
wngasghighgserumgcholesterol.gCommongingclientsgwithgatherosclerosis.
plaquegcorrectganswersgFattygdepositgonginteriorgofgarterygwalls.gWhengplaquegblocksgthegheartga
gheartgattackgoccurs.gWhengitgblocksgthegbraingagstrokegoccurs.
functiongofgstomachgcorrectganswersgtemporarygstoragegofgfood.gmixinggofgfoodgwithggastricgjuic
es.gregulationgofgagslow,gcontrolledgemptyinggofgfoodgintogthegintestine.gsexretiongofgthegfactorgf
orgB12.gdestructiongofgmostgbacteria.
sphinctergmalfunctiongcorrectganswersgcausesgacidgrefluxgdisease.
chymegcorrectganswersgfoodgmassgasgitghasgbeengmixedgwithggastricgjuices
gastricgjuicesgcorrectganswersgdigestivegsecretionsgingstomach.gcontaingHCl,gpepsin,gmucus.gHCl
gactivatesgpepsingtogdigestgprotein.gchildrenghavegtwogadditinalgenzymesgrennin-
milkgprotein,gandggastricglipase-butterfat
salivarygamylasegcorrectganswersgcomponentgofgsalivagthatgstartsgthegdigestiongofgstarchgingthegm
outh
duodenumgcorrectganswersgChymegmovesgthroughgthegpyloricgsphinctergintogthegduodenumgthegf
irstgsectiongofgthegsmallgintestine.
cholecytokining(cck)gcorrectganswersgtriggersggallbladdergtogreleasegbilegforgthegdigestiongofgfat
pancreaticgamylasegcorrectganswersgconvertsgstarchesgtogsimplegsugars
pancreaticglipasegcorrectganswersgreducesgfatsgtogfattygacidsgandgglycerol
, smallgintestinegingdigestiongcorrectganswersgmostgnutrientsgabsorbed.gbreaksgdownglactosegmalto
segandgsucrose.
fatgsolublegvitamingdeficencygcorrectganswersgoccurgingthosegwithgchronicgmalabsorbtiongdisease
gsuchgasgcysticgfibrosis,gceliac,gandgchronsgdisease.
fatgsoluble.gvitaminsgcorrectganswersgAgDgEgK.gnotglostgeasilygingcookinggbutglostgwithgmineralg
oil.gaftergabsprbtiongtheygaregtransportedgthroughgthegbodygbyglipoproteins.gmegadosesgmoregco
mmongbecausegtheygaregstored
VitamingAgcorrectganswersgAngantioxidantgplaysgangimportantgrolegingvision,gboneggrowth,grepro
duction,gcellgdivision,gantioxidant,gregulatesgimmunegsystem.
retinolgcorrectganswersgThegactivegformgofgvitamingA.gPreformedgvitamingA
carotenoidsgcorrectganswersgProvitamingA.gThinkgcarrotsgandgothergorangegandggreengfruits.gMa
ygreducegthegriskgofgcancer
ricketsgcorrectganswersgDeficiencygdiseasegcausedgbygaglackgofgvitamingD;gcausesgmalformedgbo
nesgandgpainginginfants
DeficiencygofgvitamingDgcorrectganswersgMaygleadgtogosteomalaciagwhichgthengcangevolvegintog
osteoporosis
VitamingEgcorrectganswersgantioxidant.gEssentialgforgprotectiongofgcellgstructure,gespeciallygofgre
dgbloodgcells
vitamingKgcorrectganswersgessentialgingbloodgclotting.gdeficiencygleadsgtoghemorrhaging.
thiaminegcorrectganswersgMetabolismgofgcarbohydratesgandgsomegaminogacids.gAlsogessentialgtog
nervegandgmusclegaction.gAbsorbedgingthegsmallgintestine.
riboflavingB2gcorrectganswersgessentialgforgcarbohydrategfatgandgproteingmetabolism.gNecessaryg
forgtissuegmaintenance.gAndghealthygeyes
niacingcorrectganswersgServesgasgagCoenzymegingenergygmetabolismgandgconsequentlygessentialg
togeverygbodygcell.
pellagragcorrectganswersgDiseasegtogchoosegdeficiencygofgniacin.gCharacterizedgbygsoresgongthegs
kingbygdiarrhea,ganxiety,gconfusion,girritability,gpoorgmemory,gdizziness,gandguntimelygdeathgifgl
eftguntreated.
vitamingb6gcorrectganswersgEssentialgforgproteingmetabolismgandgabsorption,gaidsgingthegreleaseg
ofgglucosegfromgglycogen,gaminogacidsgpresentgingexcessivegamountsgcangbegconvertedgtogthoseg
ingwhichgthegbodygisgtemporarilygdeficient
