4/5/25, 10:04 NSG530-Exam 2 Wilkes |
PM
NSG530-EXAM 2 WILKES EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
Terms in this set (383)
Autoimmunity reaction of immune response to one's own tissues
Tolerance self-antigens not normally seen by the immune system
Most common autoimmune disease Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Type 1 DM, MS, RA notable autoimmune diseases
chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects many body systems- more
SLE
women then men
- arthralgias or arthritis
- vasculitis and rash
Clinical Manifestations of SLE - renal disease
- hematologic changes, especially anemia
- cardiovascular disease
SLE Positive Labs ANA screen
Alloimmunity Immune reaction to tissues of another individual
x3 alloimmunity reactions transfusion reactions, transplant reactions, fetus during pregnancy
Alloantigens nonself antigens from members of the same species
a serious, and potentially fatal, complication of a blood transfusion in which a
transfusion reaction severe immune response occurs because the patient's blood and the donated
blood do not match
universal donor Type O blood
universal recipient type AB blood
Type A blood has______antibodies in the B antibodies
blood plasma.
Presence or absence of Rh factor (antigen D) on erythrocytes determines if blood
Rh blood type
type is positive or negative
Hemolitic disease of the newborn Rh - mothers, Rh + fetuses
antigen D immunoglobulin-
Rhogram Rh incompatibility (necessary for Rh negative mothers who give birth to an Rh
positive baby; prevents hemolytic disease of the newborn)
D antigen expressed on RBC Rh blood group
Transpant rejection MHCs are a major target
Transplant Reaction Classifications hyperacute, acute, chronic
transplant reaction that is immediate hyperacute, instant, graft turns white instead of pink
and rare- what happens to tissue?
transplant reactions- acute and chronic type IV (4)
are what type of reactions?
HTN and diabetes are risk factors for chronic
which transplant reactions?
immune deficiency the loss of the body's ability to respond to antigens and epitopes
primary immunodeficiency congenital; usually genetic errors
secondary immunodeficiency (acquired) loss of immune functioning as a result of an illness or treatment
Immune Deficiencies Congenital [Bruton, DiGeorge, SCID] and acquired [HIV/AIDS]
1/
5
, 4/5/25, 10:04 NSG530-Exam 2 Wilkes |
PM
congenital- failure 3rd/4th pharyngeal pouches to develop; T cell deficiency;
DiGeorge Syndrome
absent thymus
1. Partial or complete deficiency in MHC I or MHC II
2.Patients have an increased susceptibility to viral and opportunistic infections
Bare lymphocyte syndrome
3.Symptoms: range from none to severe combined
immune deficiency, depending on number of MHC expressed
-most common immune deficiency
Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies
-defective B-cell development
an abnormally low concentration of gamma globulin in the blood and increased
Hypogammaglobulinemia
risk of infection
Agammaglobulinemia disorder marked by an almost complete lack of immunoglobulins or antibodies
Phagocyte defects Inadequate numbers or defects in function of phagocytes
defect in NADPH oxidase → ↑ susceptibility to infections with catalase +
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)
organisms (S. aureus, Aspergillus, etc...)
-Defect in capacity to produce immune response
Defects in Innate Immunity
-Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Complement deficiencies repeated infections of encapsulated pathogens
Mostly IgG pooled from donors to give high levels of protection
IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin)
Used for: immunodeficiencies
secondary deficiency examples pregnancy, burns, emotional trauma, eating disorders, diabetes, sickle cell
Maligancies virtually all are complicated by immunosuppression
Immune system disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency which over a period of years weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight
syndrome) off infection so that weight loss and weakness set in and other afflictions such as
cancer or pneumonia may hasten an infected person's demise
HIV affects what cells? infects and destroys CD4 and Th cells
-Blood-borne pathogen
HIV epidemiology -Heterosexual activity is most common route worldwide
-Women affected by HIV/AIDS more often
A retrovirus such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses reverse
transcriptase to copy its RNA into double-stranded DNA. The DNA then enters
the nucleus to recombine in the host genome, where a host RNA polymerase
HIV (Retrovirus) Life Cycle
generates viral mRNA and viral genomic RNA. The viral mRNA enters the
cytoplasm for translation. Viral coat proteins are transported by the endoplasmic
reticulum to the cell membrane, where virions assemble and bud out.
HIV viruses contain protein _______ on their surface that binds with_________receptors
gp120, CD4
on host cells to attach & enter the host.
Clinical Manifestations HIV (early stage) mild and nonspecific (headache, fever, fatigue) lasts 1-6 weeks
diagnosis of AIDS Decreased CD4+ T cell numbers (<200/mm3)
life expectancy of babies born HIV + <2 years, disease is more aggressive in children
Disease of the brain (dementia) caused by infection with the human
HIV encephalopathy immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS (acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome).
SCID (severe combined inherited disorder in which both T cells and B cells are absent or inactive
immunodeficiency)
A disorder in which the ability of an immune system to protect against
immunodeficiency
pathogens is defective or absent.
2/
5
PM
NSG530-EXAM 2 WILKES EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
Terms in this set (383)
Autoimmunity reaction of immune response to one's own tissues
Tolerance self-antigens not normally seen by the immune system
Most common autoimmune disease Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Type 1 DM, MS, RA notable autoimmune diseases
chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects many body systems- more
SLE
women then men
- arthralgias or arthritis
- vasculitis and rash
Clinical Manifestations of SLE - renal disease
- hematologic changes, especially anemia
- cardiovascular disease
SLE Positive Labs ANA screen
Alloimmunity Immune reaction to tissues of another individual
x3 alloimmunity reactions transfusion reactions, transplant reactions, fetus during pregnancy
Alloantigens nonself antigens from members of the same species
a serious, and potentially fatal, complication of a blood transfusion in which a
transfusion reaction severe immune response occurs because the patient's blood and the donated
blood do not match
universal donor Type O blood
universal recipient type AB blood
Type A blood has______antibodies in the B antibodies
blood plasma.
Presence or absence of Rh factor (antigen D) on erythrocytes determines if blood
Rh blood type
type is positive or negative
Hemolitic disease of the newborn Rh - mothers, Rh + fetuses
antigen D immunoglobulin-
Rhogram Rh incompatibility (necessary for Rh negative mothers who give birth to an Rh
positive baby; prevents hemolytic disease of the newborn)
D antigen expressed on RBC Rh blood group
Transpant rejection MHCs are a major target
Transplant Reaction Classifications hyperacute, acute, chronic
transplant reaction that is immediate hyperacute, instant, graft turns white instead of pink
and rare- what happens to tissue?
transplant reactions- acute and chronic type IV (4)
are what type of reactions?
HTN and diabetes are risk factors for chronic
which transplant reactions?
immune deficiency the loss of the body's ability to respond to antigens and epitopes
primary immunodeficiency congenital; usually genetic errors
secondary immunodeficiency (acquired) loss of immune functioning as a result of an illness or treatment
Immune Deficiencies Congenital [Bruton, DiGeorge, SCID] and acquired [HIV/AIDS]
1/
5
, 4/5/25, 10:04 NSG530-Exam 2 Wilkes |
PM
congenital- failure 3rd/4th pharyngeal pouches to develop; T cell deficiency;
DiGeorge Syndrome
absent thymus
1. Partial or complete deficiency in MHC I or MHC II
2.Patients have an increased susceptibility to viral and opportunistic infections
Bare lymphocyte syndrome
3.Symptoms: range from none to severe combined
immune deficiency, depending on number of MHC expressed
-most common immune deficiency
Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies
-defective B-cell development
an abnormally low concentration of gamma globulin in the blood and increased
Hypogammaglobulinemia
risk of infection
Agammaglobulinemia disorder marked by an almost complete lack of immunoglobulins or antibodies
Phagocyte defects Inadequate numbers or defects in function of phagocytes
defect in NADPH oxidase → ↑ susceptibility to infections with catalase +
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)
organisms (S. aureus, Aspergillus, etc...)
-Defect in capacity to produce immune response
Defects in Innate Immunity
-Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Complement deficiencies repeated infections of encapsulated pathogens
Mostly IgG pooled from donors to give high levels of protection
IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin)
Used for: immunodeficiencies
secondary deficiency examples pregnancy, burns, emotional trauma, eating disorders, diabetes, sickle cell
Maligancies virtually all are complicated by immunosuppression
Immune system disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency which over a period of years weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight
syndrome) off infection so that weight loss and weakness set in and other afflictions such as
cancer or pneumonia may hasten an infected person's demise
HIV affects what cells? infects and destroys CD4 and Th cells
-Blood-borne pathogen
HIV epidemiology -Heterosexual activity is most common route worldwide
-Women affected by HIV/AIDS more often
A retrovirus such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses reverse
transcriptase to copy its RNA into double-stranded DNA. The DNA then enters
the nucleus to recombine in the host genome, where a host RNA polymerase
HIV (Retrovirus) Life Cycle
generates viral mRNA and viral genomic RNA. The viral mRNA enters the
cytoplasm for translation. Viral coat proteins are transported by the endoplasmic
reticulum to the cell membrane, where virions assemble and bud out.
HIV viruses contain protein _______ on their surface that binds with_________receptors
gp120, CD4
on host cells to attach & enter the host.
Clinical Manifestations HIV (early stage) mild and nonspecific (headache, fever, fatigue) lasts 1-6 weeks
diagnosis of AIDS Decreased CD4+ T cell numbers (<200/mm3)
life expectancy of babies born HIV + <2 years, disease is more aggressive in children
Disease of the brain (dementia) caused by infection with the human
HIV encephalopathy immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS (acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome).
SCID (severe combined inherited disorder in which both T cells and B cells are absent or inactive
immunodeficiency)
A disorder in which the ability of an immune system to protect against
immunodeficiency
pathogens is defective or absent.
2/
5
