4/5/25, 10:05 NSG 530- Exam 3 Wilkes |
PM
NSG 530- EXAM 3 WILKES EX QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (328)
produce energy from food ingested, transfer energy-rich nutrients, water, and
Role of digestive system
electrolytes into the body's internal environment
gastrointestinal tract components mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
functions of the gastrointestinal system movement, secretion, digestion, and absorption
GI tract-digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus
alimentary canal
single hallow tube
Layers of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa(outermost), submucosa, muscularis, serosa/adventitia (innermost)
enteric (intramural) plexus controls mobility, secretion, sensation and blood flow
lubrication, antibacterial action, pH regulation, thermoregulation, enzymatic
functions of saliva
digestion
phases of swallowing oropharyngeal and esophageal
oropharyngeal swallowing voluntary (striated) food formed into bolus and forced towards pharynx
involuntary (smooth muscle) food bolus enters esophagus, peristalsis occurs to
esophageal swallowing
move food down to lower esophageal sphincter
how many permanent teeth are there in 32
adults
three pairs of salivary glands parotid glands, sublingual glands, submandibular glands
Saliva has a pH of about 7.4, used to neutralize bacterial acids and prevents tooth decay
sticky mucus that lines digestive and respiratory tract traps microorganisms-
mucin
provides lubrication
upper esophageal sphincter Keeps air from entering the esophagus during respiration
lower esophageal sphincter Prevents regurgitation from the stomach and caustic injury to the esophagus
stores food
secretes digestive juices
Functions of the stomach
mixes food with the juices
propels partially digested food (chyme) into duodenum
Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in
Chyme
the stomach.
functional areas of the stomach the fundus (upper portion), body (middle portion), and antrum (lower portion).
cardiac orifice opening between esophagus and stomach
pyloric sphincter ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum
pylorus distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
The stomach has three layers of muscle - longitudinal, circular, and oblique (most prominent)
rugae the folds in the mucosa lining the stomach
the stomach is impermeable to what? water, but can absorb alcohol and aspirin as they are lipid soluble.
blood to stomach is supplied by____? celiac artery- abundant!
1. cephalic phase
Three phases of gastric secretion 2.gastric phase
3.intestinal phase
1/
5
, 4/5/25, 10:05 NSG 530- Exam 3 Wilkes |
PM
Motilin increases peristalsis
Secretin decreases peristalsis
- Retropulsion
Gastric mixing and emptying
- Rate dependent on volume, osmotic pressure, and chemical composition
-Eating
-Gastrin
-Paracrine pathways
Stimulation of gastric secretion
-Acetylcholine
-Chemicals
--Ethanol, coffee, protein
intrinsic factor makes the absorption of vitamin B12 happen
gastroferritin binds Fe2+ and transports it to small intestine
1. cephalic phase
phases of gastric secretion 2.gastric phase
3.intestinal phase
- Pepsin, an enzyme that digests protein
- Other Enzymes
- Hydrochloric Acid
Gastric juices include
- Mucus
- Salts
- Water
acid plays what role in gastric secretion? dissolves food fibers, act as bactericide, convert pepsinogen to pepsin
Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the
Pepsin
stomach secreted by chief cells
Mucous in stomach Protects stomach cells from gastric juices
Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes
small intestine
place
1. Duodenum
Three sections of the small intestine 2. Jejunum
3.Ileum
valve between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large
ileocecal valve
intestine
peritoneum Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs
a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the
mesentery
intestine to the interior abdominal wall
duodenum first part of the small intestine- supplied by the gastroduodenal artery
jejunum second part of the small intestine-supplied by mesentery artery
ileum the last and longest portion of the small intestine-supplied by mesentery artery
myenteric plexus controls gastrointestinal motility
Two layers of small intestine longitudinal (outer) and circular (inner)
enterocytes
microvilli
brush border
absorption through villi:
lamina propria
lacteal
crypts of Lieberkühn
2/
5
PM
NSG 530- EXAM 3 WILKES EX QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Terms in this set (328)
produce energy from food ingested, transfer energy-rich nutrients, water, and
Role of digestive system
electrolytes into the body's internal environment
gastrointestinal tract components mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
functions of the gastrointestinal system movement, secretion, digestion, and absorption
GI tract-digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus
alimentary canal
single hallow tube
Layers of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa(outermost), submucosa, muscularis, serosa/adventitia (innermost)
enteric (intramural) plexus controls mobility, secretion, sensation and blood flow
lubrication, antibacterial action, pH regulation, thermoregulation, enzymatic
functions of saliva
digestion
phases of swallowing oropharyngeal and esophageal
oropharyngeal swallowing voluntary (striated) food formed into bolus and forced towards pharynx
involuntary (smooth muscle) food bolus enters esophagus, peristalsis occurs to
esophageal swallowing
move food down to lower esophageal sphincter
how many permanent teeth are there in 32
adults
three pairs of salivary glands parotid glands, sublingual glands, submandibular glands
Saliva has a pH of about 7.4, used to neutralize bacterial acids and prevents tooth decay
sticky mucus that lines digestive and respiratory tract traps microorganisms-
mucin
provides lubrication
upper esophageal sphincter Keeps air from entering the esophagus during respiration
lower esophageal sphincter Prevents regurgitation from the stomach and caustic injury to the esophagus
stores food
secretes digestive juices
Functions of the stomach
mixes food with the juices
propels partially digested food (chyme) into duodenum
Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in
Chyme
the stomach.
functional areas of the stomach the fundus (upper portion), body (middle portion), and antrum (lower portion).
cardiac orifice opening between esophagus and stomach
pyloric sphincter ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum
pylorus distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
The stomach has three layers of muscle - longitudinal, circular, and oblique (most prominent)
rugae the folds in the mucosa lining the stomach
the stomach is impermeable to what? water, but can absorb alcohol and aspirin as they are lipid soluble.
blood to stomach is supplied by____? celiac artery- abundant!
1. cephalic phase
Three phases of gastric secretion 2.gastric phase
3.intestinal phase
1/
5
, 4/5/25, 10:05 NSG 530- Exam 3 Wilkes |
PM
Motilin increases peristalsis
Secretin decreases peristalsis
- Retropulsion
Gastric mixing and emptying
- Rate dependent on volume, osmotic pressure, and chemical composition
-Eating
-Gastrin
-Paracrine pathways
Stimulation of gastric secretion
-Acetylcholine
-Chemicals
--Ethanol, coffee, protein
intrinsic factor makes the absorption of vitamin B12 happen
gastroferritin binds Fe2+ and transports it to small intestine
1. cephalic phase
phases of gastric secretion 2.gastric phase
3.intestinal phase
- Pepsin, an enzyme that digests protein
- Other Enzymes
- Hydrochloric Acid
Gastric juices include
- Mucus
- Salts
- Water
acid plays what role in gastric secretion? dissolves food fibers, act as bactericide, convert pepsinogen to pepsin
Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the
Pepsin
stomach secreted by chief cells
Mucous in stomach Protects stomach cells from gastric juices
Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes
small intestine
place
1. Duodenum
Three sections of the small intestine 2. Jejunum
3.Ileum
valve between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large
ileocecal valve
intestine
peritoneum Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs
a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the
mesentery
intestine to the interior abdominal wall
duodenum first part of the small intestine- supplied by the gastroduodenal artery
jejunum second part of the small intestine-supplied by mesentery artery
ileum the last and longest portion of the small intestine-supplied by mesentery artery
myenteric plexus controls gastrointestinal motility
Two layers of small intestine longitudinal (outer) and circular (inner)
enterocytes
microvilli
brush border
absorption through villi:
lamina propria
lacteal
crypts of Lieberkühn
2/
5
