4/5/25, 7:22
PM
WK2 CRITICAL CARE- RESPIRATORY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (86)
-Maintain adequate airway
Ventilatory assistance: Acute Nursing
-Ensure adequate ventilation
interventions
-Ensure adequate oxygenation
Intrapleural pressure <
Physiology of Breathing- Rest: atmospheric
Intraalveolar = atmospheric
Inspiration:
Intrapleural pressure more
negative 750<atmosphere
Physiology of Breathing
Intraalveolar negative = airflow
Inspiration/Expiration
Expiration:
Passive when intrapulmonary pressure exceeds atmospheric High pressure to low
we breath by movement of air from high pressure to low. We are negative
Physiology of Breathing KEY
pressure breathers.
1. Ventilation = movement of O2 and CO2 in and out of alveoli
2.Diffusion of O2 and CO2 at pulmonary capillary level
3.Oxygenated blood perfused or transported to
Gas exchange steps
the tissues
4. Diffusion of O2 and CO2 occurs at cellular level Transport of CO2 to the right
side of the heart
venous saturation of blood with 02 60-80%
arterial saturation of blood with 02 97-100%
Respiration stimulated by elevated CO2
Not true for COPD
Regulation of Breathing
-Stimulus is hypoxemia
-COPD patients develop a "new normal"
Hypoxemic COPD patients needs oxygen when pO2 falls below their normal
1/10
, 4/5/25, 7:22
PM
Amount of effort required to maintain ventilation
Work of Breathing (WOB)- defn
-WOB increases, more energy needed
-WOB high, respiratory failure(due to fatigue) (Emphysema, pneumonia)
Distensibility or stretch of lung tissue
Determined by lung elasticity, "recoil"
Compliance defn
Stiff lungs: less compliant
Lungs with loss of elasticity: too compliant (emphysema)
Opposition to gas flow in the airways
Dependent on:
-Airway length (shorter more resistance)
Resistance defn -Airway diameter:
(Small tube, Spasms, Mucus)
create resistance.
-Flow rate of gas ( Increased breathing effort-causes turbulance in the airways)
increase resistance to flow
Tidal Volume (VT) Normal breath; 500 ml or 5 to 7 mL/kg
Volume of gas remaining in the lungs
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) at normal resting expiration
Average: 2300 mL
Maximum volume of gas forcefully expired after maximum inspiration
Vital Capacity (VC)
Average: 4600 mL
Risidual volume prevents lungs from collapsing.
Lung volumes
Abnormal breathing patterns
Bronchial
Normal Breath Sounds Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
Crackles
Rhonchi
Adventitious Breath Sounds Wheezes
Pleural friction rub
Stridor
Review ABG's!!!!
PaO2─partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood (From ABG)
Normal value 80 to 100 mm Hg
Decreases in elderly so normal values areslightly lower
Oxygenation Pa02
Value < 60 mm Hg treated
Critical zone: PaO2 < 60 mm/Hg
2/10
PM
WK2 CRITICAL CARE- RESPIRATORY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Terms in this set (86)
-Maintain adequate airway
Ventilatory assistance: Acute Nursing
-Ensure adequate ventilation
interventions
-Ensure adequate oxygenation
Intrapleural pressure <
Physiology of Breathing- Rest: atmospheric
Intraalveolar = atmospheric
Inspiration:
Intrapleural pressure more
negative 750<atmosphere
Physiology of Breathing
Intraalveolar negative = airflow
Inspiration/Expiration
Expiration:
Passive when intrapulmonary pressure exceeds atmospheric High pressure to low
we breath by movement of air from high pressure to low. We are negative
Physiology of Breathing KEY
pressure breathers.
1. Ventilation = movement of O2 and CO2 in and out of alveoli
2.Diffusion of O2 and CO2 at pulmonary capillary level
3.Oxygenated blood perfused or transported to
Gas exchange steps
the tissues
4. Diffusion of O2 and CO2 occurs at cellular level Transport of CO2 to the right
side of the heart
venous saturation of blood with 02 60-80%
arterial saturation of blood with 02 97-100%
Respiration stimulated by elevated CO2
Not true for COPD
Regulation of Breathing
-Stimulus is hypoxemia
-COPD patients develop a "new normal"
Hypoxemic COPD patients needs oxygen when pO2 falls below their normal
1/10
, 4/5/25, 7:22
PM
Amount of effort required to maintain ventilation
Work of Breathing (WOB)- defn
-WOB increases, more energy needed
-WOB high, respiratory failure(due to fatigue) (Emphysema, pneumonia)
Distensibility or stretch of lung tissue
Determined by lung elasticity, "recoil"
Compliance defn
Stiff lungs: less compliant
Lungs with loss of elasticity: too compliant (emphysema)
Opposition to gas flow in the airways
Dependent on:
-Airway length (shorter more resistance)
Resistance defn -Airway diameter:
(Small tube, Spasms, Mucus)
create resistance.
-Flow rate of gas ( Increased breathing effort-causes turbulance in the airways)
increase resistance to flow
Tidal Volume (VT) Normal breath; 500 ml or 5 to 7 mL/kg
Volume of gas remaining in the lungs
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) at normal resting expiration
Average: 2300 mL
Maximum volume of gas forcefully expired after maximum inspiration
Vital Capacity (VC)
Average: 4600 mL
Risidual volume prevents lungs from collapsing.
Lung volumes
Abnormal breathing patterns
Bronchial
Normal Breath Sounds Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
Crackles
Rhonchi
Adventitious Breath Sounds Wheezes
Pleural friction rub
Stridor
Review ABG's!!!!
PaO2─partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood (From ABG)
Normal value 80 to 100 mm Hg
Decreases in elderly so normal values areslightly lower
Oxygenation Pa02
Value < 60 mm Hg treated
Critical zone: PaO2 < 60 mm/Hg
2/10
